Long-Term Pre-Treatment of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Solidified Carbon Dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>)—Effect on Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency
Studies on harnessing solidified carbon dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>) for municipal sewage sludge (MSS) pre-treatment have been conducted exclusively in batch reactors. This makes it difficult to accurately assess how long-term SCO<sub>2</sub> treatment affects anaerobic digestio...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| author | Joanna Kazimierowicz Marcin Dębowski Marcin Zieliński |
| author_facet | Joanna Kazimierowicz Marcin Dębowski Marcin Zieliński |
| author_sort | Joanna Kazimierowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Studies on harnessing solidified carbon dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>) for municipal sewage sludge (MSS) pre-treatment have been conducted exclusively in batch reactors. This makes it difficult to accurately assess how long-term SCO<sub>2</sub> treatment affects anaerobic digestion (AD) conditions and performance. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of long-term MSS pre-treatment with SCO<sub>2</sub> on AD conditions, anaerobic bacterial community, and biogas composition and yields. The presented experiments are the first studies on the effect of pre-treatment with SCO<sub>2</sub> on the efficiency of AD of MSS in continuous reactors. So far, the impact of the organic load rate (OLR) on the efficiency of MSS methane fermentation has not been assessed, which is also a novelty of the conducted research. The AD process was conducted in continuous-stirred, continuous-flow anaerobic with an active volume of 20 dm<sup>3</sup>. The digestion process was run at 38 ± 1 °C. The experiment was divided into two stages. Raw (non-pretreated) MSS was used in stage 1, whereas the MSS used in stage 2 was pre-treated with SCO<sub>2</sub>. The SCO<sub>2</sub>/MSS ratio was 1:3. Each stage was sub-divided into four variants, with different levels of the OLR ranging from 2.0 to 5.0 gCOD/dm<sup>3</sup>·day. Pre-treatment with SCO<sub>2</sub> was found to improve AD performance at an OLR of 3.0–4.0 gVS/dm<sup>3</sup>·day. The 3.0 gVS/dm<sup>3</sup>·day variant offered the best biogas production performance—both daily (29 ± 1.3 dm<sup>3</sup>/day) and per VS added (0.49 ± 0.02 dm<sup>3</sup>/gVS)—as well as the highest CH<sub>4</sub> content in the biogas (70.1 ± 1.0%). In this variant, the highest energy output effect of 187.07 ± 1.5 Wh/day was obtained. The SCO<sub>2</sub> pre-treatment was not found to change the pH, FOS/TAC, or the anaerobic bacterial community composition. Instead, these variables were mainly affected by the OLR. Our study shows that MSS pre-treatment with SCO<sub>2</sub> at a SCO<sub>2</sub>/MSS ratio of 0.3 (by volume) significantly improves AD performance in terms of methane production and feedstock mineralization. The pre-treatment was found to have no negative effect on the long-term continuous operation of the reactor. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-dac5592b9a77472485668e9fbb5f7d562023-11-17T07:18:53ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-02-01135307510.3390/app13053075Long-Term Pre-Treatment of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Solidified Carbon Dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>)—Effect on Anaerobic Digestion EfficiencyJoanna Kazimierowicz0Marcin Dębowski1Marcin Zieliński2Department of Water Supply and Sewage Systems, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, PolandStudies on harnessing solidified carbon dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>) for municipal sewage sludge (MSS) pre-treatment have been conducted exclusively in batch reactors. This makes it difficult to accurately assess how long-term SCO<sub>2</sub> treatment affects anaerobic digestion (AD) conditions and performance. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of long-term MSS pre-treatment with SCO<sub>2</sub> on AD conditions, anaerobic bacterial community, and biogas composition and yields. The presented experiments are the first studies on the effect of pre-treatment with SCO<sub>2</sub> on the efficiency of AD of MSS in continuous reactors. So far, the impact of the organic load rate (OLR) on the efficiency of MSS methane fermentation has not been assessed, which is also a novelty of the conducted research. The AD process was conducted in continuous-stirred, continuous-flow anaerobic with an active volume of 20 dm<sup>3</sup>. The digestion process was run at 38 ± 1 °C. The experiment was divided into two stages. Raw (non-pretreated) MSS was used in stage 1, whereas the MSS used in stage 2 was pre-treated with SCO<sub>2</sub>. The SCO<sub>2</sub>/MSS ratio was 1:3. Each stage was sub-divided into four variants, with different levels of the OLR ranging from 2.0 to 5.0 gCOD/dm<sup>3</sup>·day. Pre-treatment with SCO<sub>2</sub> was found to improve AD performance at an OLR of 3.0–4.0 gVS/dm<sup>3</sup>·day. The 3.0 gVS/dm<sup>3</sup>·day variant offered the best biogas production performance—both daily (29 ± 1.3 dm<sup>3</sup>/day) and per VS added (0.49 ± 0.02 dm<sup>3</sup>/gVS)—as well as the highest CH<sub>4</sub> content in the biogas (70.1 ± 1.0%). In this variant, the highest energy output effect of 187.07 ± 1.5 Wh/day was obtained. The SCO<sub>2</sub> pre-treatment was not found to change the pH, FOS/TAC, or the anaerobic bacterial community composition. Instead, these variables were mainly affected by the OLR. Our study shows that MSS pre-treatment with SCO<sub>2</sub> at a SCO<sub>2</sub>/MSS ratio of 0.3 (by volume) significantly improves AD performance in terms of methane production and feedstock mineralization. The pre-treatment was found to have no negative effect on the long-term continuous operation of the reactor.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/5/3075municipal sewage sludgesolidified carbon dioxidepre-treatmentanaerobic digestionbiomethane |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Kazimierowicz Marcin Dębowski Marcin Zieliński Long-Term Pre-Treatment of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Solidified Carbon Dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>)—Effect on Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency Applied Sciences municipal sewage sludge solidified carbon dioxide pre-treatment anaerobic digestion biomethane |
| title | Long-Term Pre-Treatment of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Solidified Carbon Dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>)—Effect on Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency |
| title_full | Long-Term Pre-Treatment of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Solidified Carbon Dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>)—Effect on Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency |
| title_fullStr | Long-Term Pre-Treatment of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Solidified Carbon Dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>)—Effect on Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term Pre-Treatment of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Solidified Carbon Dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>)—Effect on Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency |
| title_short | Long-Term Pre-Treatment of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Solidified Carbon Dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>)—Effect on Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency |
| title_sort | long term pre treatment of municipal sewage sludge with solidified carbon dioxide sco sub 2 sub effect on anaerobic digestion efficiency |
| topic | municipal sewage sludge solidified carbon dioxide pre-treatment anaerobic digestion biomethane |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/5/3075 |
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