The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome
Breast milk components contribute to the infant’s immune development and protection, and among other immune factors, immunoglobulins (Igs) are the most studied. The presence of IgA in milk has been known for a long time; however, less information is available about the presence of other Igs such as...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/6/1810 |
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| author | Karla Rio-Aige Ignasi Azagra-Boronat Margarida Castell Marta Selma-Royo María Carmen Collado María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas Francisco J. Pérez-Cano |
| author_facet | Karla Rio-Aige Ignasi Azagra-Boronat Margarida Castell Marta Selma-Royo María Carmen Collado María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas Francisco J. Pérez-Cano |
| author_sort | Karla Rio-Aige |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Breast milk components contribute to the infant’s immune development and protection, and among other immune factors, immunoglobulins (Igs) are the most studied. The presence of IgA in milk has been known for a long time; however, less information is available about the presence of other Igs such as IgM, IgG, and their subtypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) or even IgE or IgD. The total Ig concentration and profile will change during the course of lactation; however, there is a great variability among studies due to several variables that limit establishing a clear pattern. In this context, the aim of this review was firstly to shed light on the Ig concentration in breast milk based on scientific evidence and secondly to study the main factors contributing to such variability. A search strategy provided only 75 studies with the prespecified eligibility criteria. The concentrations and proportions found have been established based on the intrinsic factors of the study—such as the sampling time and quantification technique—as well as participant-dependent factors, such as lifestyle and environment. All these factors contribute to the variability of the immunoglobulinome described in the literature and should be carefully addressed for further well-designed studies and data interpretation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:01:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dad3d9baa21e418cad09f860d3a710cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:01:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-dad3d9baa21e418cad09f860d3a710cf2023-11-21T21:30:22ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-05-01136181010.3390/nu13061810The Breast Milk ImmunoglobulinomeKarla Rio-Aige0Ignasi Azagra-Boronat1Margarida Castell2Marta Selma-Royo3María Carmen Collado4María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas5Francisco J. Pérez-Cano6Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, SpainPhysiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, SpainPhysiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, SpainInstitute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46890 Paterna, Valencia, SpainInstitute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46890 Paterna, Valencia, SpainPhysiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, SpainPhysiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, SpainBreast milk components contribute to the infant’s immune development and protection, and among other immune factors, immunoglobulins (Igs) are the most studied. The presence of IgA in milk has been known for a long time; however, less information is available about the presence of other Igs such as IgM, IgG, and their subtypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) or even IgE or IgD. The total Ig concentration and profile will change during the course of lactation; however, there is a great variability among studies due to several variables that limit establishing a clear pattern. In this context, the aim of this review was firstly to shed light on the Ig concentration in breast milk based on scientific evidence and secondly to study the main factors contributing to such variability. A search strategy provided only 75 studies with the prespecified eligibility criteria. The concentrations and proportions found have been established based on the intrinsic factors of the study—such as the sampling time and quantification technique—as well as participant-dependent factors, such as lifestyle and environment. All these factors contribute to the variability of the immunoglobulinome described in the literature and should be carefully addressed for further well-designed studies and data interpretation.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/6/1810immunoglobulinIgAbreast milkimmunoglobulinome |
| spellingShingle | Karla Rio-Aige Ignasi Azagra-Boronat Margarida Castell Marta Selma-Royo María Carmen Collado María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas Francisco J. Pérez-Cano The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome Nutrients immunoglobulin IgA breast milk immunoglobulinome |
| title | The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome |
| title_full | The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome |
| title_fullStr | The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome |
| title_short | The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome |
| title_sort | breast milk immunoglobulinome |
| topic | immunoglobulin IgA breast milk immunoglobulinome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/6/1810 |
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