Pathogenicity and virulence of monkeypox at the human-animal-ecology interface
ABSTRACTMonkeypox (Mpox) was mostly limited to Central and Western Africa, but recently it has been reported globally. The current review presents an update on the virus, including ecology and evolution, possible drivers of transmission, clinical features and management, knowledge gaps, and research...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Virulence |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2023.2186357 |
| _version_ | 1797367155644170240 |
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| author | Md. Mazharul Islam Pronesh Dutta Rijwana Rashid Syed Shariq Jaffery Ariful Islam Elmoubashar Farag Susu M Zughaier Devendra Bansal Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan |
| author_facet | Md. Mazharul Islam Pronesh Dutta Rijwana Rashid Syed Shariq Jaffery Ariful Islam Elmoubashar Farag Susu M Zughaier Devendra Bansal Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan |
| author_sort | Md. Mazharul Islam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACTMonkeypox (Mpox) was mostly limited to Central and Western Africa, but recently it has been reported globally. The current review presents an update on the virus, including ecology and evolution, possible drivers of transmission, clinical features and management, knowledge gaps, and research priorities to reduce the disease transmission. The origin, reservoir(s) and the sylvatic cycle of the virus in the natural ecosystem are yet to be confirmed. Humans acquire the infection through contact with infected animals, humans, and natural hosts. The major drivers of disease transmission include trapping, hunting, bushmeat consumption, animal trade, and travel to endemic countries. However, in the 2022 epidemic, the majority of the infected humans in non-endemic countries had a history of direct contact with clinical or asymptomatic persons through sexual activity. The prevention and control strategies should include deterring misinformation and stigma, promoting appropriate social and behavioural changes, including healthy life practices, instituting contact tracing and management, and using the smallpox vaccine for high-risk people. Additionally, longer-term preparedness should be emphasized using the One Health approach, such as systems strengthening, surveillance and detection of the virus across regions, early case detection, and integrating measures to mitigate the socio-economic effects of outbreaks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:14:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-daddb8be4a654949bee30bcbbbb3f115 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2150-5594 2150-5608 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:14:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virulence |
| spelling | doaj.art-daddb8be4a654949bee30bcbbbb3f1152024-01-03T17:26:57ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082023-12-0114110.1080/21505594.2023.2186357Pathogenicity and virulence of monkeypox at the human-animal-ecology interfaceMd. Mazharul Islam0Pronesh Dutta1Rijwana Rashid2Syed Shariq Jaffery3Ariful Islam4Elmoubashar Farag5Susu M Zughaier6Devendra Bansal7Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan8Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha, QatarFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, BangladeshFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, BangladeshDepartment of Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, QatarEcohealth Alliance, New York, NY, USADepartment of Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, QatarCollege of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, QatarDepartment of Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, QatarFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, BangladeshABSTRACTMonkeypox (Mpox) was mostly limited to Central and Western Africa, but recently it has been reported globally. The current review presents an update on the virus, including ecology and evolution, possible drivers of transmission, clinical features and management, knowledge gaps, and research priorities to reduce the disease transmission. The origin, reservoir(s) and the sylvatic cycle of the virus in the natural ecosystem are yet to be confirmed. Humans acquire the infection through contact with infected animals, humans, and natural hosts. The major drivers of disease transmission include trapping, hunting, bushmeat consumption, animal trade, and travel to endemic countries. However, in the 2022 epidemic, the majority of the infected humans in non-endemic countries had a history of direct contact with clinical or asymptomatic persons through sexual activity. The prevention and control strategies should include deterring misinformation and stigma, promoting appropriate social and behavioural changes, including healthy life practices, instituting contact tracing and management, and using the smallpox vaccine for high-risk people. Additionally, longer-term preparedness should be emphasized using the One Health approach, such as systems strengthening, surveillance and detection of the virus across regions, early case detection, and integrating measures to mitigate the socio-economic effects of outbreaks.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2023.2186357MonkeypoxMpoxclinical featuresdriversprevention and controlone health |
| spellingShingle | Md. Mazharul Islam Pronesh Dutta Rijwana Rashid Syed Shariq Jaffery Ariful Islam Elmoubashar Farag Susu M Zughaier Devendra Bansal Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan Pathogenicity and virulence of monkeypox at the human-animal-ecology interface Virulence Monkeypox Mpox clinical features drivers prevention and control one health |
| title | Pathogenicity and virulence of monkeypox at the human-animal-ecology interface |
| title_full | Pathogenicity and virulence of monkeypox at the human-animal-ecology interface |
| title_fullStr | Pathogenicity and virulence of monkeypox at the human-animal-ecology interface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathogenicity and virulence of monkeypox at the human-animal-ecology interface |
| title_short | Pathogenicity and virulence of monkeypox at the human-animal-ecology interface |
| title_sort | pathogenicity and virulence of monkeypox at the human animal ecology interface |
| topic | Monkeypox Mpox clinical features drivers prevention and control one health |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2023.2186357 |
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