Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol
The present investigation aimed to study the physicochemical characteristics of supported catalysts comprising various percentages of zinc dispersed over SiO<sub>2</sub>. The physiochemical properties of these catalysts were surveyed by N<sub>2</sub> physisorption (BET), ther...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/11/2802 |
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| author | Hamed Pourzolfaghar Faisal Abnisa Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia |
| author_facet | Hamed Pourzolfaghar Faisal Abnisa Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia |
| author_sort | Hamed Pourzolfaghar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present investigation aimed to study the physicochemical characteristics of supported catalysts comprising various percentages of zinc dispersed over SiO<sub>2</sub>. The physiochemical properties of these catalysts were surveyed by N<sub>2</sub> physisorption (BET), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), H<sub>2</sub> temperature-programmed reduction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and NH<sub>3</sub> temperature-programmed desorption (NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD). In addition, to examine the activity and performance of the catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of the bio-oil oxygenated compounds, the experimental reaction runs, as well as stability and durability tests, were performed using 3% Zn/SiO<sub>2</sub> as the catalyst. Characterization of silica-supported zinc catalysts revealed an even dispersion of the active site over the support in the various dopings of the zinc. The acidity of the calcinated catalysts elevated clearly up to 0.481 mmol/g. Moreover, characteristic outcomes indicate that elevating the doping of zinc metal led to interaction and substitution of proton sites on the SiO<sub>2</sub> surface that finally resulted in an increase in the desorption temperature peak. The experiments were performed at temperature 500 °C, pressure 1 atm; weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) 0.32 (h<sup>−1</sup>); feed flow rate 0.5 (mL/min); and hydrogen flow rate 150 (mL/min). Based on the results, it was revealed that among all the prepared catalysts, that with 3% of zinc had the highest conversion efficiency up to 80%. However, the selectivity of the major products, analyzed by gas chromatography flame-ionization detection (GC-FID), was not influenced by the variation in the active site doping. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:27:11Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:27:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-dadf532e13864edb815db3139e1a9e432023-11-20T02:31:35ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-06-011311280210.3390/en13112802Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of PhenolHamed Pourzolfaghar0Faisal Abnisa1Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud2Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua3Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia4Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaCentre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization (CCDCU), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, MalaysiaSchool of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, AustraliaThe present investigation aimed to study the physicochemical characteristics of supported catalysts comprising various percentages of zinc dispersed over SiO<sub>2</sub>. The physiochemical properties of these catalysts were surveyed by N<sub>2</sub> physisorption (BET), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), H<sub>2</sub> temperature-programmed reduction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and NH<sub>3</sub> temperature-programmed desorption (NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD). In addition, to examine the activity and performance of the catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of the bio-oil oxygenated compounds, the experimental reaction runs, as well as stability and durability tests, were performed using 3% Zn/SiO<sub>2</sub> as the catalyst. Characterization of silica-supported zinc catalysts revealed an even dispersion of the active site over the support in the various dopings of the zinc. The acidity of the calcinated catalysts elevated clearly up to 0.481 mmol/g. Moreover, characteristic outcomes indicate that elevating the doping of zinc metal led to interaction and substitution of proton sites on the SiO<sub>2</sub> surface that finally resulted in an increase in the desorption temperature peak. The experiments were performed at temperature 500 °C, pressure 1 atm; weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) 0.32 (h<sup>−1</sup>); feed flow rate 0.5 (mL/min); and hydrogen flow rate 150 (mL/min). Based on the results, it was revealed that among all the prepared catalysts, that with 3% of zinc had the highest conversion efficiency up to 80%. However, the selectivity of the major products, analyzed by gas chromatography flame-ionization detection (GC-FID), was not influenced by the variation in the active site doping.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/11/2802heterogeneous catalysthydrodeoxygenation (HDO)zincphenolbio-oil |
| spellingShingle | Hamed Pourzolfaghar Faisal Abnisa Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol Energies heterogeneous catalyst hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) zinc phenol bio-oil |
| title | Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol |
| title_full | Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol |
| title_fullStr | Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol |
| title_short | Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol |
| title_sort | catalyst characteristics and performance of silica supported zinc for hydrodeoxygenation of phenol |
| topic | heterogeneous catalyst hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) zinc phenol bio-oil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/11/2802 |
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