Intrauterine Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: Route and Molecular Mechanism
Xianlei Zhao,1,2 Xiaoxia Bai,1 Yongmei Xi1,2 1Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, the Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310006, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Genetics and Department of Human Genetics, Zhejia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Infection and Drug Resistance |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/intrauterine-infection-and-mother-to-child-transmission-of-hepatitis-b-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR |
| _version_ | 1819046403132882944 |
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| author | Zhao X Bai X Xi Y |
| author_facet | Zhao X Bai X Xi Y |
| author_sort | Zhao X |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Xianlei Zhao,1,2 Xiaoxia Bai,1 Yongmei Xi1,2 1Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, the Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310006, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Genetics and Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310058, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yongmei Xi, Email xyyongm@zju.edu.cnAbstract: In high prevalence settings, mother-to-child transmission is responsible for more than 50% of chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections with 1– 9% of newborns of HBV-carrying mothers acquiring HBV in early life. Little is known about the routes and cellular mechanisms by which HBV intrauterine transmission occurs. Clinical studies indicate that placental trophoblasts can be infected with HBV. In vitro studies using primary trophoblast and cell lines support this hypothesis. Several cellular parameters, including the differentiation state of the trophoblasts, cytokine secretion, and the surface molecules involved in virus entry, may influence the receptivity of trophoblastic cells to HBV. In HBV-infected trophoblastic cells, a reduction of apoptosis and increased production of antiviral cytokines has been observed, presumably via an HBx antigen-Akt or TLRs-MyD88-NF-kB pathway. Trophoblast HBV infection occurrence involves complex pathological processes with little currently known of the related mechanisms within infected cells. Whilst much focus has been on the placental routes of infection, through trophoblasts in particular, other routes have also been suggested. In this article, we review the models for HBV mother-to-child transmission and discuss the possible mechanisms of HBV intrauterine transmission with particular emphasis upon the involvement of placental trophoblast infection.Keywords: hepatitis B virus, intrauterine infection, trophoblastic cell, mother-to-child transmission |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:43:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dadfb2b3e67d492a87f3eb7caa8fe61b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-6973 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:43:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infection and Drug Resistance |
| spelling | doaj.art-dadfb2b3e67d492a87f3eb7caa8fe61b2022-12-21T19:06:52ZengDove Medical PressInfection and Drug Resistance1178-69732022-04-01Volume 151743175174434Intrauterine Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: Route and Molecular MechanismZhao XBai XXi YXianlei Zhao,1,2 Xiaoxia Bai,1 Yongmei Xi1,2 1Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, the Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310006, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Genetics and Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310058, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yongmei Xi, Email xyyongm@zju.edu.cnAbstract: In high prevalence settings, mother-to-child transmission is responsible for more than 50% of chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections with 1– 9% of newborns of HBV-carrying mothers acquiring HBV in early life. Little is known about the routes and cellular mechanisms by which HBV intrauterine transmission occurs. Clinical studies indicate that placental trophoblasts can be infected with HBV. In vitro studies using primary trophoblast and cell lines support this hypothesis. Several cellular parameters, including the differentiation state of the trophoblasts, cytokine secretion, and the surface molecules involved in virus entry, may influence the receptivity of trophoblastic cells to HBV. In HBV-infected trophoblastic cells, a reduction of apoptosis and increased production of antiviral cytokines has been observed, presumably via an HBx antigen-Akt or TLRs-MyD88-NF-kB pathway. Trophoblast HBV infection occurrence involves complex pathological processes with little currently known of the related mechanisms within infected cells. Whilst much focus has been on the placental routes of infection, through trophoblasts in particular, other routes have also been suggested. In this article, we review the models for HBV mother-to-child transmission and discuss the possible mechanisms of HBV intrauterine transmission with particular emphasis upon the involvement of placental trophoblast infection.Keywords: hepatitis B virus, intrauterine infection, trophoblastic cell, mother-to-child transmissionhttps://www.dovepress.com/intrauterine-infection-and-mother-to-child-transmission-of-hepatitis-b-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDRhepatitis b virusintrauterine infectiontrophoblastic cellmother-to-child transmission |
| spellingShingle | Zhao X Bai X Xi Y Intrauterine Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: Route and Molecular Mechanism Infection and Drug Resistance hepatitis b virus intrauterine infection trophoblastic cell mother-to-child transmission |
| title | Intrauterine Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: Route and Molecular Mechanism |
| title_full | Intrauterine Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: Route and Molecular Mechanism |
| title_fullStr | Intrauterine Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: Route and Molecular Mechanism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intrauterine Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: Route and Molecular Mechanism |
| title_short | Intrauterine Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: Route and Molecular Mechanism |
| title_sort | intrauterine infection and mother to child transmission of hepatitis b virus route and molecular mechanism |
| topic | hepatitis b virus intrauterine infection trophoblastic cell mother-to-child transmission |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/intrauterine-infection-and-mother-to-child-transmission-of-hepatitis-b-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR |
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