Carvacrol Selective Pressure Allows the Occurrence of Genetic Resistant Variants of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> EGD-e
Essential oils and their constituents, such as carvacrol, are potential food preservatives because of their great antimicrobial properties. However, the long-term effects of these compounds are unknown and raise the question of whether resistance to these antimicrobials could emerge. This work aims...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/20/3282 |
| _version_ | 1797407272231501824 |
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| author | Daniel Berdejo Elisa Gayán Elisa Pagán Natalia Merino Raúl Campillo Rafael Pagán Diego García-Gonzalo |
| author_facet | Daniel Berdejo Elisa Gayán Elisa Pagán Natalia Merino Raúl Campillo Rafael Pagán Diego García-Gonzalo |
| author_sort | Daniel Berdejo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Essential oils and their constituents, such as carvacrol, are potential food preservatives because of their great antimicrobial properties. However, the long-term effects of these compounds are unknown and raise the question of whether resistance to these antimicrobials could emerge. This work aims to evaluate the occurrence of genetic resistant variants (RVs) in <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> EGD-e by exposure to carvacrol. Two protocols were performed for the RVs selection: (a) by continuous exposure to sublethal doses, where LmSCar was isolated, and (b) by reiterative exposure to short lethal treatments of carvacrol, where LmLCar was isolated. Both RVs showed an increase in carvacrol resistance. Moreover, LmLCar revealed an increased cross-resistance to heat treatments at acid conditions and to ampicillin. Whole-genome sequencing identified two single nucleotide variations in LmSCar and three non-silent mutations in LmLCar. Among them, those located in the genes encoding the transcriptional regulators RsbT (in LmSCar) and ManR (in LmLCar) could contribute to their increased carvacrol resistance. These results provide information regarding the mode of action of this antimicrobial and support the importance of knowing how RVs appear. Further studies are required to determine the emergence of RVs in food matrices and their impact on food safety. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:38:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dae825ac49a8446cb2ccb48cdc2d8b62 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:38:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-dae825ac49a8446cb2ccb48cdc2d8b622023-12-03T14:44:02ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-10-011120328210.3390/foods11203282Carvacrol Selective Pressure Allows the Occurrence of Genetic Resistant Variants of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> EGD-eDaniel Berdejo0Elisa Gayán1Elisa Pagán2Natalia Merino3Raúl Campillo4Rafael Pagán5Diego García-Gonzalo6Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainDepartamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainDepartamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainDepartamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainDepartamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainDepartamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainDepartamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainEssential oils and their constituents, such as carvacrol, are potential food preservatives because of their great antimicrobial properties. However, the long-term effects of these compounds are unknown and raise the question of whether resistance to these antimicrobials could emerge. This work aims to evaluate the occurrence of genetic resistant variants (RVs) in <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> EGD-e by exposure to carvacrol. Two protocols were performed for the RVs selection: (a) by continuous exposure to sublethal doses, where LmSCar was isolated, and (b) by reiterative exposure to short lethal treatments of carvacrol, where LmLCar was isolated. Both RVs showed an increase in carvacrol resistance. Moreover, LmLCar revealed an increased cross-resistance to heat treatments at acid conditions and to ampicillin. Whole-genome sequencing identified two single nucleotide variations in LmSCar and three non-silent mutations in LmLCar. Among them, those located in the genes encoding the transcriptional regulators RsbT (in LmSCar) and ManR (in LmLCar) could contribute to their increased carvacrol resistance. These results provide information regarding the mode of action of this antimicrobial and support the importance of knowing how RVs appear. Further studies are required to determine the emergence of RVs in food matrices and their impact on food safety.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/20/3282carvacrolevolution assaysresistant variants<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>heat treatmentsantibiotic resistance |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Berdejo Elisa Gayán Elisa Pagán Natalia Merino Raúl Campillo Rafael Pagán Diego García-Gonzalo Carvacrol Selective Pressure Allows the Occurrence of Genetic Resistant Variants of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> EGD-e Foods carvacrol evolution assays resistant variants <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> heat treatments antibiotic resistance |
| title | Carvacrol Selective Pressure Allows the Occurrence of Genetic Resistant Variants of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> EGD-e |
| title_full | Carvacrol Selective Pressure Allows the Occurrence of Genetic Resistant Variants of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> EGD-e |
| title_fullStr | Carvacrol Selective Pressure Allows the Occurrence of Genetic Resistant Variants of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> EGD-e |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carvacrol Selective Pressure Allows the Occurrence of Genetic Resistant Variants of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> EGD-e |
| title_short | Carvacrol Selective Pressure Allows the Occurrence of Genetic Resistant Variants of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> EGD-e |
| title_sort | carvacrol selective pressure allows the occurrence of genetic resistant variants of i listeria monocytogenes i egd e |
| topic | carvacrol evolution assays resistant variants <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> heat treatments antibiotic resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/20/3282 |
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