Coconut Palm: Food, Feed, and Nutraceutical Properties
The price of traditional sources of nutrients used in animal feed rations is increasing steeply in developed countries due to their scarcity, high demand from humans for the same food items, and expensive costs of raw materials. Thus, one of the alternative sources is coconut parts or coconut as a w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/16/2107 |
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| author | Khairiyah Mat Zulhisyam Abdul Kari Nor Dini Rusli Hasnita Che Harun Lee Seong Wei Mohammad Mijanur Rahman Hazreen Nita Mohd Khalid Muhamad Hakim Mohd Ali Hanafiah Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri Raja Ili Airina Raja Khalif Zamzahaila Mohd Zin Mohamad Khairi Mohd Zainol Mira Panadi Mohamad Faiz Mohd Nor Khang Wen Goh |
| author_facet | Khairiyah Mat Zulhisyam Abdul Kari Nor Dini Rusli Hasnita Che Harun Lee Seong Wei Mohammad Mijanur Rahman Hazreen Nita Mohd Khalid Muhamad Hakim Mohd Ali Hanafiah Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri Raja Ili Airina Raja Khalif Zamzahaila Mohd Zin Mohamad Khairi Mohd Zainol Mira Panadi Mohamad Faiz Mohd Nor Khang Wen Goh |
| author_sort | Khairiyah Mat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The price of traditional sources of nutrients used in animal feed rations is increasing steeply in developed countries due to their scarcity, high demand from humans for the same food items, and expensive costs of raw materials. Thus, one of the alternative sources is coconut parts or coconut as a whole fruit. Coconut is known as the ‘tree of abundance’, ‘tree of heaven’, and ‘tree of life’ owing to its numerous uses, becoming a very important tree in tropical areas for its provision of food, employment, and business opportunities to millions of people. Coconut contains a rich profile of macro and micronutrients that vary depending on the parts and how they are used. It is frequently chosen as an alternative source of protein and fiber. Its uses as an antibacterial agent, immunomodulant, and antioxidant further increase its importance. Using coconut oil in ruminant feed helps to minimize methane gas emissions by 18–30%, and to reduce dry matter intake up to 4.2 kg/d. The aquaculture sectors also use coconut palm as an alternative source because it significantly improves the digestion, growth, lipid metabolism, health, and antioxidative responses. However, coconut is not widely used in poultry diets although it has adequate amount of protein and carbohydrate due to anti-nutritional factors such cellulose (13%), galactomannan (61%), and mannan (26%). This review considered the importance and potential of coconut usage as an alternative ingredient in feed and supplements in various livestock sectors as it has plentiful nutrients and functional qualities, simultaneously leading to reduced feed cost and enhanced production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:48:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-daeb4bf0a75f4839ade3f7cee98c7e20 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:48:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-daeb4bf0a75f4839ade3f7cee98c7e202023-12-03T13:13:35ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-08-011216210710.3390/ani12162107Coconut Palm: Food, Feed, and Nutraceutical PropertiesKhairiyah Mat0Zulhisyam Abdul Kari1Nor Dini Rusli2Hasnita Che Harun3Lee Seong Wei4Mohammad Mijanur Rahman5Hazreen Nita Mohd Khalid6Muhamad Hakim Mohd Ali Hanafiah7Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri8Raja Ili Airina Raja Khalif9Zamzahaila Mohd Zin10Mohamad Khairi Mohd Zainol11Mira Panadi12Mohamad Faiz Mohd Nor13Khang Wen Goh14Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaFaculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaFaculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaFaculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaFaculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaFaculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaFaculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaFaculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaFaculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaFaculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaFaculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, MalaysiaFaculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, MalaysiaDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Sport Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Pontian Lama, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81300, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaFaculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaThe price of traditional sources of nutrients used in animal feed rations is increasing steeply in developed countries due to their scarcity, high demand from humans for the same food items, and expensive costs of raw materials. Thus, one of the alternative sources is coconut parts or coconut as a whole fruit. Coconut is known as the ‘tree of abundance’, ‘tree of heaven’, and ‘tree of life’ owing to its numerous uses, becoming a very important tree in tropical areas for its provision of food, employment, and business opportunities to millions of people. Coconut contains a rich profile of macro and micronutrients that vary depending on the parts and how they are used. It is frequently chosen as an alternative source of protein and fiber. Its uses as an antibacterial agent, immunomodulant, and antioxidant further increase its importance. Using coconut oil in ruminant feed helps to minimize methane gas emissions by 18–30%, and to reduce dry matter intake up to 4.2 kg/d. The aquaculture sectors also use coconut palm as an alternative source because it significantly improves the digestion, growth, lipid metabolism, health, and antioxidative responses. However, coconut is not widely used in poultry diets although it has adequate amount of protein and carbohydrate due to anti-nutritional factors such cellulose (13%), galactomannan (61%), and mannan (26%). This review considered the importance and potential of coconut usage as an alternative ingredient in feed and supplements in various livestock sectors as it has plentiful nutrients and functional qualities, simultaneously leading to reduced feed cost and enhanced production.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/16/2107coconutalternative feednutritionlivestock sectorsfunctional properties |
| spellingShingle | Khairiyah Mat Zulhisyam Abdul Kari Nor Dini Rusli Hasnita Che Harun Lee Seong Wei Mohammad Mijanur Rahman Hazreen Nita Mohd Khalid Muhamad Hakim Mohd Ali Hanafiah Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri Raja Ili Airina Raja Khalif Zamzahaila Mohd Zin Mohamad Khairi Mohd Zainol Mira Panadi Mohamad Faiz Mohd Nor Khang Wen Goh Coconut Palm: Food, Feed, and Nutraceutical Properties Animals coconut alternative feed nutrition livestock sectors functional properties |
| title | Coconut Palm: Food, Feed, and Nutraceutical Properties |
| title_full | Coconut Palm: Food, Feed, and Nutraceutical Properties |
| title_fullStr | Coconut Palm: Food, Feed, and Nutraceutical Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coconut Palm: Food, Feed, and Nutraceutical Properties |
| title_short | Coconut Palm: Food, Feed, and Nutraceutical Properties |
| title_sort | coconut palm food feed and nutraceutical properties |
| topic | coconut alternative feed nutrition livestock sectors functional properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/16/2107 |
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