Pharmacological Treatments of Sleep–Wake Disorders: Update 2023
Biological, environmental, behavioral, and social factors can influence sleep and lead to sleep disorders or diseases. Sleep disorders are common, numerous, and heterogeneous in terms of their etiology, pathogenesis, and symptomatology. The management of sleep–wake circadian disorders (SWCDs) includ...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Translational Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2514-183X/7/4/42 |
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| author | Marcel S. Kallweit Nayeli P. Kallweit Ulf Kallweit |
| author_facet | Marcel S. Kallweit Nayeli P. Kallweit Ulf Kallweit |
| author_sort | Marcel S. Kallweit |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biological, environmental, behavioral, and social factors can influence sleep and lead to sleep disorders or diseases. Sleep disorders are common, numerous, and heterogeneous in terms of their etiology, pathogenesis, and symptomatology. The management of sleep–wake circadian disorders (SWCDs) includes education on sleep hygiene, behavioral strategies, psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly), instrument-based treatments (i.e., positive airway pressure therapy, hypoglossal nerve stimulation), and pharmacotherapy. Depending on the disease, therapy varies and is executed sequentially or can be a combination of several forms of therapy. Drugs used for SWCDs include traditional sleep- or wake-promoting agents and chronotherapeutic agents. Recently, novel medications, which more precisely act on specific neurochemical systems (i.e., the orexin system) important for sleep and waking, are also increasingly being used. In this review, the pharmacotherapy of common sleep disorders (insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorder, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders, parasomnias, and sleep-related movement disorders) embedded in the overall therapeutic concept of each disorder is presented. There is also an outlook on possible future pharmacotherapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:52:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-daefff47330c4da28f170a2cf58f7e68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2514-183X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:52:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Translational Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-daefff47330c4da28f170a2cf58f7e682023-12-22T14:02:16ZengMDPI AGClinical and Translational Neuroscience2514-183X2023-11-01744210.3390/ctn7040042Pharmacological Treatments of Sleep–Wake Disorders: Update 2023Marcel S. Kallweit0Nayeli P. Kallweit1Ulf Kallweit2Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanyFaculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, LithuaniaCenter for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnias, Department of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, 58455 Witten, GermanyBiological, environmental, behavioral, and social factors can influence sleep and lead to sleep disorders or diseases. Sleep disorders are common, numerous, and heterogeneous in terms of their etiology, pathogenesis, and symptomatology. The management of sleep–wake circadian disorders (SWCDs) includes education on sleep hygiene, behavioral strategies, psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly), instrument-based treatments (i.e., positive airway pressure therapy, hypoglossal nerve stimulation), and pharmacotherapy. Depending on the disease, therapy varies and is executed sequentially or can be a combination of several forms of therapy. Drugs used for SWCDs include traditional sleep- or wake-promoting agents and chronotherapeutic agents. Recently, novel medications, which more precisely act on specific neurochemical systems (i.e., the orexin system) important for sleep and waking, are also increasingly being used. In this review, the pharmacotherapy of common sleep disorders (insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorder, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders, parasomnias, and sleep-related movement disorders) embedded in the overall therapeutic concept of each disorder is presented. There is also an outlook on possible future pharmacotherapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2514-183X/7/4/42pharmacotherapysleep–wake disordershypersomnolencerestless legssyndromeparasomnias |
| spellingShingle | Marcel S. Kallweit Nayeli P. Kallweit Ulf Kallweit Pharmacological Treatments of Sleep–Wake Disorders: Update 2023 Clinical and Translational Neuroscience pharmacotherapy sleep–wake disorders hypersomnolence restless legs syndrome parasomnias |
| title | Pharmacological Treatments of Sleep–Wake Disorders: Update 2023 |
| title_full | Pharmacological Treatments of Sleep–Wake Disorders: Update 2023 |
| title_fullStr | Pharmacological Treatments of Sleep–Wake Disorders: Update 2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacological Treatments of Sleep–Wake Disorders: Update 2023 |
| title_short | Pharmacological Treatments of Sleep–Wake Disorders: Update 2023 |
| title_sort | pharmacological treatments of sleep wake disorders update 2023 |
| topic | pharmacotherapy sleep–wake disorders hypersomnolence restless legs syndrome parasomnias |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2514-183X/7/4/42 |
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