| Summary: | Obi Peter Adigwe,1 Godspower Onavbavba,1 Solomon Oloche Onoja2 1National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, NigeriaCorrespondence: Obi Peter Adigwe; Godspower Onavbavba, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria, Email o.p.adigwe@niprd.gov.ng; onavbavbagodspower@gmail.comAbstract: Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of the beta-globin gene, with resultant deformation of the red blood cells and variable clinical outcomes. Nigeria is recognised as the country with the highest burden of sickle cell disease globally. This study aimed at critically reviewing available literature on impact of sickle cell disease in Nigeria. A literature search was carried out on four databases, and a total of 116 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the critical review. It was observed that majority of the studies were carried out in South-Western part of Nigeria (47.4%), whilst the North-East had the least number of studies undertaken in this area, more than a quarter of the studies (27.6%) were related to hematologic and serologic screening. Major themes that emerged from this review were morbidity and mortality; prevalence of sickle cell disease; issues relating to blood transfusion; psychosocial impact; and anatomical dysfunction in sickle cell disease. Intervention programs from both government and non-governmental organizations aimed at reducing the burden of sickle cell disease and its socio-economic impact were identified as key to strategies aimed at overcoming challenges associated with the disease. Findings from this study also revealed that education and awareness interventions were central to reducing the prevalence of sickle cell disease in this setting.Keywords: sickle cell anemia, public health, hematology, genotype, hemoglogin, gene, red blood cell, vaso-occlusive crises
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