Urinary metals and metal mixtures in Bangladesh: Exploring environmental sources in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS)
Introduction: Environmental exposure to toxic metals and metalloids is pervasive and occurs from multiple sources. The Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) is an ongoing prospective study predominantly focused on understanding health effects associated with arsenic exposure from drin...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2018-12-01
|
| Series: | Environment International |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041201831660X |
| _version_ | 1828521860575264768 |
|---|---|
| author | Tiffany R. Sanchez Vesna Slavkovich Nancy LoIacono Alexander van Geen Tyler Ellis Steven N. Chillrud Olgica Balac Tarique Islam Faruque Parvez Habib Ahsan Joseph H. Graziano Ana Navas-Acien |
| author_facet | Tiffany R. Sanchez Vesna Slavkovich Nancy LoIacono Alexander van Geen Tyler Ellis Steven N. Chillrud Olgica Balac Tarique Islam Faruque Parvez Habib Ahsan Joseph H. Graziano Ana Navas-Acien |
| author_sort | Tiffany R. Sanchez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Environmental exposure to toxic metals and metalloids is pervasive and occurs from multiple sources. The Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) is an ongoing prospective study predominantly focused on understanding health effects associated with arsenic exposure from drinking water. The goal of this project was to measure a suite of elements in urine to better understand potential exposure patterns and to identify common environmental sources of exposure among this semi-rural Bangladeshi population. Methods: In a random sample of 199 adult HEALS participants (50% female), the concentrations of 15 urinary elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Tl, W, Zn) were assessed by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess commonalities with sociodemographic characteristics and potential sources of exposure. We used principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax normalized rotations, and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA), using Ward's method with Euclidean distances, to evaluate these relationships. Results: PCA and CA showed similar patterns, suggesting 6 principal components (PC) and 5 clusters: 1)PC: Sr-Ni-Cs/ CA: Sr-Ni-Co; 2) Pb-Tl/Pb-Tl-Se-Cs; 3) As-Mo-W/As-Mo-W; 4) Ba-Mn/Ba-Mn; 5) Cu-Zn/Cu-Zn-Cd; and 6) Cd. There was a strong significant association between the As-Mo-W PC/cluster and water arsenic levels (p < 0.001) and between the Cd PC and betel nut use (p = 0.003). The Sr-Ni-Cs PC was not related to any of the socio-demographic characteristics investigated, including smoking status and occupation. The first PC, Sr-Ni-Cs, explained 21% of the variability; the third PC, As-Mo-W, explained 12.5% of the variability; and the sixth PC, Cd, explained 10% of the variability. Day laborers appeared to have the highest exposure. Conclusions: Groundwater and betel nut use are likely important sources of metal and metalloid exposure in this population. These findings will guide future exposure assessment research in Bangladesh and future epidemiologic research investigating the degree to which metal mixtures play a role in disease development. Keywords: Metals, Metalloids, Metal mixtures, Biomonitoring, Groundwater, Betel nut use, Air pollution |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:57:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db09b547dca74abbb134a872616fff81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:57:09Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj.art-db09b547dca74abbb134a872616fff812022-12-22T00:52:37ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202018-12-01121852860Urinary metals and metal mixtures in Bangladesh: Exploring environmental sources in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS)Tiffany R. Sanchez0Vesna Slavkovich1Nancy LoIacono2Alexander van Geen3Tyler Ellis4Steven N. Chillrud5Olgica Balac6Tarique Islam7Faruque Parvez8Habib Ahsan9Joseph H. Graziano10Ana Navas-Acien11Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USA; Corresponding author at: 722 West 168th Street, Suite 1105, New York, NY 10032, USA.Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USAMailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USALamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USALamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USALamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USAMailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USAColumbia University Arsenic Project Office, Dhaka, BangladeshMailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USAUniversity of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USAMailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USAIntroduction: Environmental exposure to toxic metals and metalloids is pervasive and occurs from multiple sources. The Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) is an ongoing prospective study predominantly focused on understanding health effects associated with arsenic exposure from drinking water. The goal of this project was to measure a suite of elements in urine to better understand potential exposure patterns and to identify common environmental sources of exposure among this semi-rural Bangladeshi population. Methods: In a random sample of 199 adult HEALS participants (50% female), the concentrations of 15 urinary elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Tl, W, Zn) were assessed by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess commonalities with sociodemographic characteristics and potential sources of exposure. We used principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax normalized rotations, and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA), using Ward's method with Euclidean distances, to evaluate these relationships. Results: PCA and CA showed similar patterns, suggesting 6 principal components (PC) and 5 clusters: 1)PC: Sr-Ni-Cs/ CA: Sr-Ni-Co; 2) Pb-Tl/Pb-Tl-Se-Cs; 3) As-Mo-W/As-Mo-W; 4) Ba-Mn/Ba-Mn; 5) Cu-Zn/Cu-Zn-Cd; and 6) Cd. There was a strong significant association between the As-Mo-W PC/cluster and water arsenic levels (p < 0.001) and between the Cd PC and betel nut use (p = 0.003). The Sr-Ni-Cs PC was not related to any of the socio-demographic characteristics investigated, including smoking status and occupation. The first PC, Sr-Ni-Cs, explained 21% of the variability; the third PC, As-Mo-W, explained 12.5% of the variability; and the sixth PC, Cd, explained 10% of the variability. Day laborers appeared to have the highest exposure. Conclusions: Groundwater and betel nut use are likely important sources of metal and metalloid exposure in this population. These findings will guide future exposure assessment research in Bangladesh and future epidemiologic research investigating the degree to which metal mixtures play a role in disease development. Keywords: Metals, Metalloids, Metal mixtures, Biomonitoring, Groundwater, Betel nut use, Air pollutionhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041201831660X |
| spellingShingle | Tiffany R. Sanchez Vesna Slavkovich Nancy LoIacono Alexander van Geen Tyler Ellis Steven N. Chillrud Olgica Balac Tarique Islam Faruque Parvez Habib Ahsan Joseph H. Graziano Ana Navas-Acien Urinary metals and metal mixtures in Bangladesh: Exploring environmental sources in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) Environment International |
| title | Urinary metals and metal mixtures in Bangladesh: Exploring environmental sources in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) |
| title_full | Urinary metals and metal mixtures in Bangladesh: Exploring environmental sources in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) |
| title_fullStr | Urinary metals and metal mixtures in Bangladesh: Exploring environmental sources in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urinary metals and metal mixtures in Bangladesh: Exploring environmental sources in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) |
| title_short | Urinary metals and metal mixtures in Bangladesh: Exploring environmental sources in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) |
| title_sort | urinary metals and metal mixtures in bangladesh exploring environmental sources in the health effects of arsenic longitudinal study heals |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041201831660X |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tiffanyrsanchez urinarymetalsandmetalmixturesinbangladeshexploringenvironmentalsourcesinthehealtheffectsofarseniclongitudinalstudyheals AT vesnaslavkovich urinarymetalsandmetalmixturesinbangladeshexploringenvironmentalsourcesinthehealtheffectsofarseniclongitudinalstudyheals AT nancyloiacono urinarymetalsandmetalmixturesinbangladeshexploringenvironmentalsourcesinthehealtheffectsofarseniclongitudinalstudyheals AT alexandervangeen urinarymetalsandmetalmixturesinbangladeshexploringenvironmentalsourcesinthehealtheffectsofarseniclongitudinalstudyheals AT tylerellis urinarymetalsandmetalmixturesinbangladeshexploringenvironmentalsourcesinthehealtheffectsofarseniclongitudinalstudyheals AT stevennchillrud urinarymetalsandmetalmixturesinbangladeshexploringenvironmentalsourcesinthehealtheffectsofarseniclongitudinalstudyheals AT olgicabalac urinarymetalsandmetalmixturesinbangladeshexploringenvironmentalsourcesinthehealtheffectsofarseniclongitudinalstudyheals AT tariqueislam urinarymetalsandmetalmixturesinbangladeshexploringenvironmentalsourcesinthehealtheffectsofarseniclongitudinalstudyheals AT faruqueparvez urinarymetalsandmetalmixturesinbangladeshexploringenvironmentalsourcesinthehealtheffectsofarseniclongitudinalstudyheals AT habibahsan urinarymetalsandmetalmixturesinbangladeshexploringenvironmentalsourcesinthehealtheffectsofarseniclongitudinalstudyheals AT josephhgraziano urinarymetalsandmetalmixturesinbangladeshexploringenvironmentalsourcesinthehealtheffectsofarseniclongitudinalstudyheals AT ananavasacien urinarymetalsandmetalmixturesinbangladeshexploringenvironmentalsourcesinthehealtheffectsofarseniclongitudinalstudyheals |