Microbial Genetics and Clonal Dissemination of <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> Serotype Javiana Isolated from Human Populations in Arkansas, USA
<i>Salmonella</i> is estimated to cause over a million infections and ~400 deaths annually in the U.S. <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotype Javiana strains (n = 409) that predominantly originated from the State of Arkansas over a six-year period (2003 to 2008) were studied. Th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/10/1192 |
| _version_ | 1797470564097458176 |
|---|---|
| author | Yasser M. Sanad Nesreen H. Aljahdali Bijay K. Khajanchi Rajesh Nayak Ashraf Khan Steven L. Foley |
| author_facet | Yasser M. Sanad Nesreen H. Aljahdali Bijay K. Khajanchi Rajesh Nayak Ashraf Khan Steven L. Foley |
| author_sort | Yasser M. Sanad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Salmonella</i> is estimated to cause over a million infections and ~400 deaths annually in the U.S. <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotype Javiana strains (n = 409) that predominantly originated from the State of Arkansas over a six-year period (2003 to 2008) were studied. This period coincided with a rapid rise in the incidence of <i>S.</i> Javiana infections in the U.S. Children under the age of 10 displayed the highest prevalence of <i>S</i>. Javiana infections, regardless of sex or year of detection. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 different antimicrobials was assessed and 92% (n = 375) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials. Approximately 89% of the isolates were resistant to sulfisoxazole alone and 3% (n = 11) were resistant to different antimicrobials, including gentamicin, ciprofloxacin or ceftiofur. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses assessed the genotypic diversity and distribution of <i>S</i>. Javiana strains using <i>Xba</i>I restriction. Nine major clusters were identified and isolates from each group were digested with the restriction enzyme <i>Avr</i>II. Isolates with identical profiles of <i>Xba</i>I and <i>Avr</i>II were found to be disseminated in human populations. These distinct “types” of <i>S</i>. Javiana were persistent in human populations for multiple years. A subset of isolates (n = 19) with unique resistance phenotypes underwent plasmid and incompatibility (Inc) type analyses and the isolates resistant to more than one antimicrobial harbored multiple plasmids (<3 to 165 kb). Furthermore, these strains possessed 14 virulence genes, including <i>pagC, cdtB,</i> and <i>iroN</i>. The whole genome sequences (WGS) of 18 isolates that mostly originated from Arkansas from 2003 to 2011 were compared with isolates collected from different areas in the U.S. in 1999, indicating the perseverance of <i>S</i>. Javiana in disseminating antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:37:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db0a7675b8d6422d8fe72b3629a41226 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:37:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-db0a7675b8d6422d8fe72b3629a412262023-11-24T01:49:37ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-10-011110119210.3390/pathogens11101192Microbial Genetics and Clonal Dissemination of <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> Serotype Javiana Isolated from Human Populations in Arkansas, USAYasser M. Sanad0Nesreen H. Aljahdali1Bijay K. Khajanchi2Rajesh Nayak3Ashraf Khan4Steven L. Foley5Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USADivision of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USADivision of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USARegulatory Compliance and Risk Management, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USADivision of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USADivision of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA<i>Salmonella</i> is estimated to cause over a million infections and ~400 deaths annually in the U.S. <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotype Javiana strains (n = 409) that predominantly originated from the State of Arkansas over a six-year period (2003 to 2008) were studied. This period coincided with a rapid rise in the incidence of <i>S.</i> Javiana infections in the U.S. Children under the age of 10 displayed the highest prevalence of <i>S</i>. Javiana infections, regardless of sex or year of detection. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 different antimicrobials was assessed and 92% (n = 375) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials. Approximately 89% of the isolates were resistant to sulfisoxazole alone and 3% (n = 11) were resistant to different antimicrobials, including gentamicin, ciprofloxacin or ceftiofur. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses assessed the genotypic diversity and distribution of <i>S</i>. Javiana strains using <i>Xba</i>I restriction. Nine major clusters were identified and isolates from each group were digested with the restriction enzyme <i>Avr</i>II. Isolates with identical profiles of <i>Xba</i>I and <i>Avr</i>II were found to be disseminated in human populations. These distinct “types” of <i>S</i>. Javiana were persistent in human populations for multiple years. A subset of isolates (n = 19) with unique resistance phenotypes underwent plasmid and incompatibility (Inc) type analyses and the isolates resistant to more than one antimicrobial harbored multiple plasmids (<3 to 165 kb). Furthermore, these strains possessed 14 virulence genes, including <i>pagC, cdtB,</i> and <i>iroN</i>. The whole genome sequences (WGS) of 18 isolates that mostly originated from Arkansas from 2003 to 2011 were compared with isolates collected from different areas in the U.S. in 1999, indicating the perseverance of <i>S</i>. Javiana in disseminating antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/10/1192<i>Salmonella</i> Javianaantimicrobial resistancepulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)replicon typingmolecular typingwhole genome sequencing (WGS) |
| spellingShingle | Yasser M. Sanad Nesreen H. Aljahdali Bijay K. Khajanchi Rajesh Nayak Ashraf Khan Steven L. Foley Microbial Genetics and Clonal Dissemination of <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> Serotype Javiana Isolated from Human Populations in Arkansas, USA Pathogens <i>Salmonella</i> Javiana antimicrobial resistance pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) replicon typing molecular typing whole genome sequencing (WGS) |
| title | Microbial Genetics and Clonal Dissemination of <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> Serotype Javiana Isolated from Human Populations in Arkansas, USA |
| title_full | Microbial Genetics and Clonal Dissemination of <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> Serotype Javiana Isolated from Human Populations in Arkansas, USA |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Genetics and Clonal Dissemination of <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> Serotype Javiana Isolated from Human Populations in Arkansas, USA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Genetics and Clonal Dissemination of <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> Serotype Javiana Isolated from Human Populations in Arkansas, USA |
| title_short | Microbial Genetics and Clonal Dissemination of <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> Serotype Javiana Isolated from Human Populations in Arkansas, USA |
| title_sort | microbial genetics and clonal dissemination of i salmonella i i enterica i serotype javiana isolated from human populations in arkansas usa |
| topic | <i>Salmonella</i> Javiana antimicrobial resistance pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) replicon typing molecular typing whole genome sequencing (WGS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/10/1192 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yassermsanad microbialgeneticsandclonaldisseminationofisalmonellaiientericaiserotypejavianaisolatedfromhumanpopulationsinarkansasusa AT nesreenhaljahdali microbialgeneticsandclonaldisseminationofisalmonellaiientericaiserotypejavianaisolatedfromhumanpopulationsinarkansasusa AT bijaykkhajanchi microbialgeneticsandclonaldisseminationofisalmonellaiientericaiserotypejavianaisolatedfromhumanpopulationsinarkansasusa AT rajeshnayak microbialgeneticsandclonaldisseminationofisalmonellaiientericaiserotypejavianaisolatedfromhumanpopulationsinarkansasusa AT ashrafkhan microbialgeneticsandclonaldisseminationofisalmonellaiientericaiserotypejavianaisolatedfromhumanpopulationsinarkansasusa AT stevenlfoley microbialgeneticsandclonaldisseminationofisalmonellaiientericaiserotypejavianaisolatedfromhumanpopulationsinarkansasusa |