Possible role of gut microbes and host’s immune response in gut–lung homeostasis
The vast diversity of microbial communities reside in various locations of the human body, and they are collectively named as the ‘Human Microbiota.’ The majority of those microbes are found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. The microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal and the re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.954339/full |
| _version_ | 1811242925205487616 |
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| author | Sonakshi Rastogi Sneha Mohanty Sapna Sharma Prabhanshu Tripathi |
| author_facet | Sonakshi Rastogi Sneha Mohanty Sapna Sharma Prabhanshu Tripathi |
| author_sort | Sonakshi Rastogi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The vast diversity of microbial communities reside in various locations of the human body, and they are collectively named as the ‘Human Microbiota.’ The majority of those microbes are found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. The microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal and the respiratory tracts are called the gut microbiota and the airway microbiota, respectively. These microbial communities are known to affect both the metabolic functions and the immune responses of the host. Among multiple factors determining the composition of gut microbiota, diet has played a pivotal role. The gut microbes possess enzymatic machinery for assimilating dietary fibers and releasing different metabolites, primarily short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The SCFAs modulate the immune responses of not only the gut but other distal mucosal sites as well, such as the lungs. Dysbiosis in normal gut flora is one of the factors involved in the development of asthma and other respiratory disorders. Of note, several human and murine studies have indicated significant cross-talk between gut microbiota and lung immunity, known as the gut–lung axis. Here, in this review, we summarize the recent state of the field concerning the effect of dietary metabolites, particularly SCFAs, on the “gut–lung axis” as well as discuss its impact on lung health. Moreover, we have highlighted the role of the “gut–lung axis” in SARS-CoV-2 mediated inflammation. Also, to analyze the global research progress on the gut–lung axis and to identify the knowledge gap in this field, we have also utilized the bibliographic tools Dimension database and VOS viewer analysis software. Through network mapping and visualization analysis, we can predict the present research trend and the possibility to explore new directions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:59:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db0ccc68790d430ab28f1be5eaef9c81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:59:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-db0ccc68790d430ab28f1be5eaef9c812022-12-22T03:30:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-10-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.954339954339Possible role of gut microbes and host’s immune response in gut–lung homeostasisSonakshi Rastogi0Sneha Mohanty1Sapna Sharma2Prabhanshu Tripathi3Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaFood Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaInstitute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaFood Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaThe vast diversity of microbial communities reside in various locations of the human body, and they are collectively named as the ‘Human Microbiota.’ The majority of those microbes are found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. The microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal and the respiratory tracts are called the gut microbiota and the airway microbiota, respectively. These microbial communities are known to affect both the metabolic functions and the immune responses of the host. Among multiple factors determining the composition of gut microbiota, diet has played a pivotal role. The gut microbes possess enzymatic machinery for assimilating dietary fibers and releasing different metabolites, primarily short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The SCFAs modulate the immune responses of not only the gut but other distal mucosal sites as well, such as the lungs. Dysbiosis in normal gut flora is one of the factors involved in the development of asthma and other respiratory disorders. Of note, several human and murine studies have indicated significant cross-talk between gut microbiota and lung immunity, known as the gut–lung axis. Here, in this review, we summarize the recent state of the field concerning the effect of dietary metabolites, particularly SCFAs, on the “gut–lung axis” as well as discuss its impact on lung health. Moreover, we have highlighted the role of the “gut–lung axis” in SARS-CoV-2 mediated inflammation. Also, to analyze the global research progress on the gut–lung axis and to identify the knowledge gap in this field, we have also utilized the bibliographic tools Dimension database and VOS viewer analysis software. Through network mapping and visualization analysis, we can predict the present research trend and the possibility to explore new directions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.954339/fullgut–lung axisgut microbiomeairway microbiomedietshort-chain fatty acidslung immunity |
| spellingShingle | Sonakshi Rastogi Sneha Mohanty Sapna Sharma Prabhanshu Tripathi Possible role of gut microbes and host’s immune response in gut–lung homeostasis Frontiers in Immunology gut–lung axis gut microbiome airway microbiome diet short-chain fatty acids lung immunity |
| title | Possible role of gut microbes and host’s immune response in gut–lung homeostasis |
| title_full | Possible role of gut microbes and host’s immune response in gut–lung homeostasis |
| title_fullStr | Possible role of gut microbes and host’s immune response in gut–lung homeostasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Possible role of gut microbes and host’s immune response in gut–lung homeostasis |
| title_short | Possible role of gut microbes and host’s immune response in gut–lung homeostasis |
| title_sort | possible role of gut microbes and host s immune response in gut lung homeostasis |
| topic | gut–lung axis gut microbiome airway microbiome diet short-chain fatty acids lung immunity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.954339/full |
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