Ultrafast Photoconversion Dynamics of the Knotless Phytochrome <i>Syn</i>Cph2
The family of phytochrome photoreceptors contains proteins with different domain architectures and spectral properties. Knotless phytochromes are one of the three main subgroups classified by their distinct lack of the PAS domain in their photosensory core module, which is in contrast to the canonic...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| author | Tobias Fischer Luuk J. G. W. van Wilderen Petra Gnau Jens Bredenbeck Lars-Oliver Essen Josef Wachtveitl Chavdar Slavov |
| author_facet | Tobias Fischer Luuk J. G. W. van Wilderen Petra Gnau Jens Bredenbeck Lars-Oliver Essen Josef Wachtveitl Chavdar Slavov |
| author_sort | Tobias Fischer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The family of phytochrome photoreceptors contains proteins with different domain architectures and spectral properties. Knotless phytochromes are one of the three main subgroups classified by their distinct lack of the PAS domain in their photosensory core module, which is in contrast to the canonical PAS-GAF-PHY array. Despite intensive research on the ultrafast photodynamics of phytochromes, little is known about the primary kinetics in knotless phytochromes. Here, we present the ultrafast P<sub>r</sub> ⇆ P<sub>fr</sub> photodynamics of <i>Syn</i>Cph2, the best-known knotless phytochrome. Our results show that the excited state lifetime of P<sub>r</sub>* (~200 ps) is similar to bacteriophytochromes, but much longer than in most canonical phytochromes. We assign the slow P<sub>r</sub>* kinetics to relaxation processes of the chromophore-binding pocket that controls the bilin chromophore’s isomerization step. The P<sub>fr</sub> photoconversion dynamics starts with a faster excited state relaxation than in canonical phytochromes, but, despite the differences in the respective domain architectures, proceeds via similar ground state intermediate steps up to Meta-F. Based on our observations, we propose that the kinetic features and overall dynamics of the ultrafast photoreaction are determined to a great extent by the geometrical context (i.e., available space and flexibility) within the binding pocket, while the general reaction steps following the photoexcitation are most likely conserved among the red/far-red phytochromes. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:59:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-db0e2efc1e8c45f49cb3bbb2e3ba3d462023-11-22T16:13:51ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-10-0122191069010.3390/ijms221910690Ultrafast Photoconversion Dynamics of the Knotless Phytochrome <i>Syn</i>Cph2Tobias Fischer0Luuk J. G. W. van Wilderen1Petra Gnau2Jens Bredenbeck3Lars-Oliver Essen4Josef Wachtveitl5Chavdar Slavov6Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, GermanyInstitute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, GermanyDepartment of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, GermanyInstitute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, GermanyDepartment of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, GermanyInstitute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, GermanyInstitute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, GermanyThe family of phytochrome photoreceptors contains proteins with different domain architectures and spectral properties. Knotless phytochromes are one of the three main subgroups classified by their distinct lack of the PAS domain in their photosensory core module, which is in contrast to the canonical PAS-GAF-PHY array. Despite intensive research on the ultrafast photodynamics of phytochromes, little is known about the primary kinetics in knotless phytochromes. Here, we present the ultrafast P<sub>r</sub> ⇆ P<sub>fr</sub> photodynamics of <i>Syn</i>Cph2, the best-known knotless phytochrome. Our results show that the excited state lifetime of P<sub>r</sub>* (~200 ps) is similar to bacteriophytochromes, but much longer than in most canonical phytochromes. We assign the slow P<sub>r</sub>* kinetics to relaxation processes of the chromophore-binding pocket that controls the bilin chromophore’s isomerization step. The P<sub>fr</sub> photoconversion dynamics starts with a faster excited state relaxation than in canonical phytochromes, but, despite the differences in the respective domain architectures, proceeds via similar ground state intermediate steps up to Meta-F. Based on our observations, we propose that the kinetic features and overall dynamics of the ultrafast photoreaction are determined to a great extent by the geometrical context (i.e., available space and flexibility) within the binding pocket, while the general reaction steps following the photoexcitation are most likely conserved among the red/far-red phytochromes.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10690tetrapyrrole-binding photoreceptorsphytochromesphotochemistryphotoisomerizationtime-resolved spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Tobias Fischer Luuk J. G. W. van Wilderen Petra Gnau Jens Bredenbeck Lars-Oliver Essen Josef Wachtveitl Chavdar Slavov Ultrafast Photoconversion Dynamics of the Knotless Phytochrome <i>Syn</i>Cph2 International Journal of Molecular Sciences tetrapyrrole-binding photoreceptors phytochromes photochemistry photoisomerization time-resolved spectroscopy |
| title | Ultrafast Photoconversion Dynamics of the Knotless Phytochrome <i>Syn</i>Cph2 |
| title_full | Ultrafast Photoconversion Dynamics of the Knotless Phytochrome <i>Syn</i>Cph2 |
| title_fullStr | Ultrafast Photoconversion Dynamics of the Knotless Phytochrome <i>Syn</i>Cph2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrafast Photoconversion Dynamics of the Knotless Phytochrome <i>Syn</i>Cph2 |
| title_short | Ultrafast Photoconversion Dynamics of the Knotless Phytochrome <i>Syn</i>Cph2 |
| title_sort | ultrafast photoconversion dynamics of the knotless phytochrome i syn i cph2 |
| topic | tetrapyrrole-binding photoreceptors phytochromes photochemistry photoisomerization time-resolved spectroscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10690 |
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