Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and childhood maltreatment, adulthood stressful life events and depression among Lebanese university students: a structural equation modeling approach
Abstract Background Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a cyclic sequence of physical and behavioral symptoms that arise in the second half of the menstrual cycle. The extreme type of PMS is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). The current study aims at examining 1) the effects of childhood maltreatme...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03567-7 |
| _version_ | 1818403926770188288 |
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| author | Yorgo Younes Souheil Hallit Sahar Obeid |
| author_facet | Yorgo Younes Souheil Hallit Sahar Obeid |
| author_sort | Yorgo Younes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a cyclic sequence of physical and behavioral symptoms that arise in the second half of the menstrual cycle. The extreme type of PMS is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). The current study aims at examining 1) the effects of childhood maltreatment and current life’s stressful events on PMDD, and 2) the mediating role of depression in these associations among Lebanese university female students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lebanese students were recruited using a snowball technique from all national universities in Lebanon via an auto-administrated online survey. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the structural relationship between childhood maltreatment and life’s stressful events, depression and PMDD. Results Higher life’s stressful events (Beta = 0.18; p < 0.001), physical (Beta = 0.19; p < 0.001), sexual (Beta = 0.18; p < 0.001) and psychological (Beta = 0.33; p < 0.001) abuse were significantly associated with higher depression. Moreover, higher sexual (Beta = 0.11; p = 0.021) and psychological (Beta = 0.11; p = 0.040) abuse and higher depression (Beta = 0.37; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher PMDD. The indirect relationships between psychological abuse/sexual abuse, depression and PMDD showed that depression mediated the association between both psychological (Beta = 0.22; p = 0.001) and sexual (Beta = 0.38; p = 0.004) abuse and PMDD. Conclusion This work presents a unique analysis using the structural equation model that enlightens the effect of childhood maltreatment, particularly sexual and psychological abuse on PMMD symptoms, with depression playing the role of a mediating factor. It would be interesting to test, in future studies, whether there are other mediating factors besides depression that could be indirect indicators of PMDD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T08:32:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db25a73b72a74de194b7890243a233c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-244X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T08:32:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-db25a73b72a74de194b7890243a233c02022-12-21T23:09:30ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2021-11-0121111010.1186/s12888-021-03567-7Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and childhood maltreatment, adulthood stressful life events and depression among Lebanese university students: a structural equation modeling approachYorgo Younes0Souheil Hallit1Sahar Obeid2Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the CrossFaculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)Abstract Background Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a cyclic sequence of physical and behavioral symptoms that arise in the second half of the menstrual cycle. The extreme type of PMS is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). The current study aims at examining 1) the effects of childhood maltreatment and current life’s stressful events on PMDD, and 2) the mediating role of depression in these associations among Lebanese university female students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lebanese students were recruited using a snowball technique from all national universities in Lebanon via an auto-administrated online survey. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the structural relationship between childhood maltreatment and life’s stressful events, depression and PMDD. Results Higher life’s stressful events (Beta = 0.18; p < 0.001), physical (Beta = 0.19; p < 0.001), sexual (Beta = 0.18; p < 0.001) and psychological (Beta = 0.33; p < 0.001) abuse were significantly associated with higher depression. Moreover, higher sexual (Beta = 0.11; p = 0.021) and psychological (Beta = 0.11; p = 0.040) abuse and higher depression (Beta = 0.37; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher PMDD. The indirect relationships between psychological abuse/sexual abuse, depression and PMDD showed that depression mediated the association between both psychological (Beta = 0.22; p = 0.001) and sexual (Beta = 0.38; p = 0.004) abuse and PMDD. Conclusion This work presents a unique analysis using the structural equation model that enlightens the effect of childhood maltreatment, particularly sexual and psychological abuse on PMMD symptoms, with depression playing the role of a mediating factor. It would be interesting to test, in future studies, whether there are other mediating factors besides depression that could be indirect indicators of PMDD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03567-7Premenstrual dysphoric disorderDepressionChildhood maltreatmentlife’s stressful eventsLebanese women |
| spellingShingle | Yorgo Younes Souheil Hallit Sahar Obeid Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and childhood maltreatment, adulthood stressful life events and depression among Lebanese university students: a structural equation modeling approach BMC Psychiatry Premenstrual dysphoric disorder Depression Childhood maltreatment life’s stressful events Lebanese women |
| title | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and childhood maltreatment, adulthood stressful life events and depression among Lebanese university students: a structural equation modeling approach |
| title_full | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and childhood maltreatment, adulthood stressful life events and depression among Lebanese university students: a structural equation modeling approach |
| title_fullStr | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and childhood maltreatment, adulthood stressful life events and depression among Lebanese university students: a structural equation modeling approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and childhood maltreatment, adulthood stressful life events and depression among Lebanese university students: a structural equation modeling approach |
| title_short | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and childhood maltreatment, adulthood stressful life events and depression among Lebanese university students: a structural equation modeling approach |
| title_sort | premenstrual dysphoric disorder and childhood maltreatment adulthood stressful life events and depression among lebanese university students a structural equation modeling approach |
| topic | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder Depression Childhood maltreatment life’s stressful events Lebanese women |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03567-7 |
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