Phenylpyrazolone-1,2,3-triazole Hybrids as Potent Antiviral Agents with Promising SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition Potential
COVID-19 infection is now considered one of the leading causes of human death. As an attempt towards the discovery of novel medications for the COVID-19 pandemic, nineteen novel compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole side chains linked to phenylpyrazolone scaffold and terminal lipophilic aryl parts wit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/3/463 |
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| author | Arafa Musa Hamada S. Abulkhair Ateyatallah Aljuhani Nadjet Rezki Mohamed A. Abdelgawad Khaled Shalaby Ahmed H. El-Ghorab Mohamed R. Aouad |
| author_facet | Arafa Musa Hamada S. Abulkhair Ateyatallah Aljuhani Nadjet Rezki Mohamed A. Abdelgawad Khaled Shalaby Ahmed H. El-Ghorab Mohamed R. Aouad |
| author_sort | Arafa Musa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | COVID-19 infection is now considered one of the leading causes of human death. As an attempt towards the discovery of novel medications for the COVID-19 pandemic, nineteen novel compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole side chains linked to phenylpyrazolone scaffold and terminal lipophilic aryl parts with prominent substituent functionalities were designed and synthesized via a click reaction based on our previous work. The novel compounds were assessed using an in vitro effect on the growth of SARS-CoV-2 virus-infested Vero cells with different compound concentrations: 1 and 10 μM. The data revealed that most of these derivatives showed potent cellular anti-COVID-19 activity and inhibited viral replication by more than 50% with no or weak cytotoxic effect on harboring cells. In addition, in vitro assay employing the SARS-CoV-2-Main protease inhibition assay was done to test the inhibitors’ ability to block the common primary protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as a mode of action. The obtained results show that the one non-linker analog <b>6h</b> and two amide-based linkers <b>6i</b> and <b>6q</b> were the most active compounds with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 5.08, 3.16, and 7.55 μM, respectively, against the viral protease in comparison to data of the selective antiviral agent GC-376. Molecular modeling studies were done for compound placement within the binding pocket of protease which reveal conserved residues hydrogen bonding and non-hydrogen interactions of <b>6i</b> analog fragments: triazole scaffold, aryl part, and linker. Moreover, the stability of compounds and their interactions with the target pocket were also studied and analyzed by molecular dynamic simulations. The physicochemical and toxicity profiles were predicted, and the results show that compounds behave as an antiviral activity with low or no cellular or organ toxicity. All research results point to the potential usage of new chemotype potent derivatives as promising leads to be explored in vivo that might open the door to rational drug development of SARS-CoV-2 Main protease potent medicines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:02:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db2745a172ad4d1d956ed059d8aded78 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:02:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-db2745a172ad4d1d956ed059d8aded782023-11-17T13:13:11ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472023-03-0116346310.3390/ph16030463Phenylpyrazolone-1,2,3-triazole Hybrids as Potent Antiviral Agents with Promising SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition PotentialArafa Musa0Hamada S. Abulkhair1Ateyatallah Aljuhani2Nadjet Rezki3Mohamed A. Abdelgawad4Khaled Shalaby5Ahmed H. El-Ghorab6Mohamed R. Aouad7Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi ArabiaPharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, EgyptChemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi ArabiaChemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi ArabiaChemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi ArabiaCOVID-19 infection is now considered one of the leading causes of human death. As an attempt towards the discovery of novel medications for the COVID-19 pandemic, nineteen novel compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole side chains linked to phenylpyrazolone scaffold and terminal lipophilic aryl parts with prominent substituent functionalities were designed and synthesized via a click reaction based on our previous work. The novel compounds were assessed using an in vitro effect on the growth of SARS-CoV-2 virus-infested Vero cells with different compound concentrations: 1 and 10 μM. The data revealed that most of these derivatives showed potent cellular anti-COVID-19 activity and inhibited viral replication by more than 50% with no or weak cytotoxic effect on harboring cells. In addition, in vitro assay employing the SARS-CoV-2-Main protease inhibition assay was done to test the inhibitors’ ability to block the common primary protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as a mode of action. The obtained results show that the one non-linker analog <b>6h</b> and two amide-based linkers <b>6i</b> and <b>6q</b> were the most active compounds with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 5.08, 3.16, and 7.55 μM, respectively, against the viral protease in comparison to data of the selective antiviral agent GC-376. Molecular modeling studies were done for compound placement within the binding pocket of protease which reveal conserved residues hydrogen bonding and non-hydrogen interactions of <b>6i</b> analog fragments: triazole scaffold, aryl part, and linker. Moreover, the stability of compounds and their interactions with the target pocket were also studied and analyzed by molecular dynamic simulations. The physicochemical and toxicity profiles were predicted, and the results show that compounds behave as an antiviral activity with low or no cellular or organ toxicity. All research results point to the potential usage of new chemotype potent derivatives as promising leads to be explored in vivo that might open the door to rational drug development of SARS-CoV-2 Main protease potent medicines.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/3/4631,2,3-triazoleclick chemistrypyrazoloneSARS-CoV-2antiviral activitymolecular modeling |
| spellingShingle | Arafa Musa Hamada S. Abulkhair Ateyatallah Aljuhani Nadjet Rezki Mohamed A. Abdelgawad Khaled Shalaby Ahmed H. El-Ghorab Mohamed R. Aouad Phenylpyrazolone-1,2,3-triazole Hybrids as Potent Antiviral Agents with Promising SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition Potential Pharmaceuticals 1,2,3-triazole click chemistry pyrazolone SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity molecular modeling |
| title | Phenylpyrazolone-1,2,3-triazole Hybrids as Potent Antiviral Agents with Promising SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition Potential |
| title_full | Phenylpyrazolone-1,2,3-triazole Hybrids as Potent Antiviral Agents with Promising SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition Potential |
| title_fullStr | Phenylpyrazolone-1,2,3-triazole Hybrids as Potent Antiviral Agents with Promising SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition Potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenylpyrazolone-1,2,3-triazole Hybrids as Potent Antiviral Agents with Promising SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition Potential |
| title_short | Phenylpyrazolone-1,2,3-triazole Hybrids as Potent Antiviral Agents with Promising SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition Potential |
| title_sort | phenylpyrazolone 1 2 3 triazole hybrids as potent antiviral agents with promising sars cov 2 main protease inhibition potential |
| topic | 1,2,3-triazole click chemistry pyrazolone SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity molecular modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/3/463 |
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