Structure, Function, and Interactions of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein
The capsid (CA) protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an essential structural component of a virion and facilitates many crucial life cycle steps through interactions with host cell factors. Capsid shields the reverse transcription complex from restriction factors while it en...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/100 |
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| author | Eric Rossi Megan E. Meuser Camille J. Cunanan Simon Cocklin |
| author_facet | Eric Rossi Megan E. Meuser Camille J. Cunanan Simon Cocklin |
| author_sort | Eric Rossi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The capsid (CA) protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an essential structural component of a virion and facilitates many crucial life cycle steps through interactions with host cell factors. Capsid shields the reverse transcription complex from restriction factors while it enables trafficking to the nucleus by hijacking various adaptor proteins, such as FEZ1 and BICD2. In addition, the capsid facilitates the import and localization of the viral complex in the nucleus through interaction with NUP153, NUP358, TNPO3, and CPSF-6. In the later stages of the HIV-1 life cycle, CA plays an essential role in the maturation step as a constituent of the Gag polyprotein. In the final phase of maturation, Gag is cleaved, and CA is released, allowing for the assembly of CA into a fullerene cone, known as the capsid core. The fullerene cone consists of ~250 CA hexamers and 12 CA pentamers and encloses the viral genome and other essential viral proteins for the next round of infection. As research continues to elucidate the role of CA in the HIV-1 life cycle and the importance of the capsid protein becomes more apparent, CA displays potential as a therapeutic target for the development of HIV-1 inhibitors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:21:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db31db2d94d143bbafb41912ce0fda7c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:21:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-db31db2d94d143bbafb41912ce0fda7c2023-12-03T15:10:03ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292021-01-0111210010.3390/life11020100Structure, Function, and Interactions of the HIV-1 Capsid ProteinEric Rossi0Megan E. Meuser1Camille J. Cunanan2Simon Cocklin3Angle North America, 1500 1st Avenue, Suite 1010, King of Prussia, PA 19462, USADepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Rooms 10307, 10309, and 10315, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USADepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Rooms 10307, 10309, and 10315, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USADepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Rooms 10307, 10309, and 10315, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USAThe capsid (CA) protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an essential structural component of a virion and facilitates many crucial life cycle steps through interactions with host cell factors. Capsid shields the reverse transcription complex from restriction factors while it enables trafficking to the nucleus by hijacking various adaptor proteins, such as FEZ1 and BICD2. In addition, the capsid facilitates the import and localization of the viral complex in the nucleus through interaction with NUP153, NUP358, TNPO3, and CPSF-6. In the later stages of the HIV-1 life cycle, CA plays an essential role in the maturation step as a constituent of the Gag polyprotein. In the final phase of maturation, Gag is cleaved, and CA is released, allowing for the assembly of CA into a fullerene cone, known as the capsid core. The fullerene cone consists of ~250 CA hexamers and 12 CA pentamers and encloses the viral genome and other essential viral proteins for the next round of infection. As research continues to elucidate the role of CA in the HIV-1 life cycle and the importance of the capsid protein becomes more apparent, CA displays potential as a therapeutic target for the development of HIV-1 inhibitors.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/100HIV-1/AIDScapsidhost proteinspost-entry eventsassemblyvirus-host interactions |
| spellingShingle | Eric Rossi Megan E. Meuser Camille J. Cunanan Simon Cocklin Structure, Function, and Interactions of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein Life HIV-1/AIDS capsid host proteins post-entry events assembly virus-host interactions |
| title | Structure, Function, and Interactions of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein |
| title_full | Structure, Function, and Interactions of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein |
| title_fullStr | Structure, Function, and Interactions of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structure, Function, and Interactions of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein |
| title_short | Structure, Function, and Interactions of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein |
| title_sort | structure function and interactions of the hiv 1 capsid protein |
| topic | HIV-1/AIDS capsid host proteins post-entry events assembly virus-host interactions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/100 |
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