N-3 PUFA and Pregnancy Preserve C-Peptide in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the gradual loss of β-cell function and insulin secretion. In pregnant women with T1DM, endogenous insulin production is absent or minimal, and exogenous insulin is required to control glycemia and prevent ketoacidosis. During pregnanc...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/12/2082 |
| _version_ | 1797501537613774848 |
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| author | Josip Delmis Marina Ivanisevic Marina Horvaticek |
| author_facet | Josip Delmis Marina Ivanisevic Marina Horvaticek |
| author_sort | Josip Delmis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the gradual loss of β-cell function and insulin secretion. In pregnant women with T1DM, endogenous insulin production is absent or minimal, and exogenous insulin is required to control glycemia and prevent ketoacidosis. During pregnancy, there is a partial decrease in the activity of the immune system, and there is a suppression of autoimmune diseases. These changes in pregnant women with T1DM are reflected by Langerhans islet enlargement and improved function compared to pre-pregnancy conditions. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have a protective effect, affect β-cell preservation, and increase endogenous insulin production. Increased endogenous insulin production results in reduced daily insulin doses, better metabolic control, and adverse effects of insulin therapy, primarily hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia affects most pregnant women with T1DM and is several times more common than that outside of pregnancy. Strict glycemic control improves the outcome of pregnancy but increases the risk of hypoglycemia and causes maternal complications, including coma and convulsions. The suppression of the immune system during pregnancy increases the concentration of C-peptide in women with T1DM, and n-3 PUFA supplements serve as the additional support for a rise in C-peptide levels through its anti-inflammatory action. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:19:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db36b340f2a640dfab78a6c287314dfa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:19:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-db36b340f2a640dfab78a6c287314dfa2023-11-23T10:05:39ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232021-12-011312208210.3390/pharmaceutics13122082N-3 PUFA and Pregnancy Preserve C-Peptide in Women with Type 1 Diabetes MellitusJosip Delmis0Marina Ivanisevic1Marina Horvaticek2Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaClinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaInstitute Rudjer Boskovic, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaType 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the gradual loss of β-cell function and insulin secretion. In pregnant women with T1DM, endogenous insulin production is absent or minimal, and exogenous insulin is required to control glycemia and prevent ketoacidosis. During pregnancy, there is a partial decrease in the activity of the immune system, and there is a suppression of autoimmune diseases. These changes in pregnant women with T1DM are reflected by Langerhans islet enlargement and improved function compared to pre-pregnancy conditions. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have a protective effect, affect β-cell preservation, and increase endogenous insulin production. Increased endogenous insulin production results in reduced daily insulin doses, better metabolic control, and adverse effects of insulin therapy, primarily hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia affects most pregnant women with T1DM and is several times more common than that outside of pregnancy. Strict glycemic control improves the outcome of pregnancy but increases the risk of hypoglycemia and causes maternal complications, including coma and convulsions. The suppression of the immune system during pregnancy increases the concentration of C-peptide in women with T1DM, and n-3 PUFA supplements serve as the additional support for a rise in C-peptide levels through its anti-inflammatory action.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/12/2082pregnancytype 1 diabetes mellitusbeta-cellinsulinC-peptidehypoglycemia |
| spellingShingle | Josip Delmis Marina Ivanisevic Marina Horvaticek N-3 PUFA and Pregnancy Preserve C-Peptide in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Pharmaceutics pregnancy type 1 diabetes mellitus beta-cell insulin C-peptide hypoglycemia |
| title | N-3 PUFA and Pregnancy Preserve C-Peptide in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full | N-3 PUFA and Pregnancy Preserve C-Peptide in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_fullStr | N-3 PUFA and Pregnancy Preserve C-Peptide in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | N-3 PUFA and Pregnancy Preserve C-Peptide in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_short | N-3 PUFA and Pregnancy Preserve C-Peptide in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_sort | n 3 pufa and pregnancy preserve c peptide in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus |
| topic | pregnancy type 1 diabetes mellitus beta-cell insulin C-peptide hypoglycemia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/12/2082 |
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