Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR
Surface moisture plays a key role in limiting the aeolian transport on sandy beaches. However, the existing measurement techniques cannot adequately characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of the beach surface moisture. In this study, a mobile terrestrial LiDAR (MTL) is demonstrated as a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/2/209 |
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| author | Junling Jin Lars De Sloover Jeffrey Verbeurgt Cornelis Stal Greet Deruyter Anne-Lise Montreuil Philippe De Maeyer Alain De Wulf |
| author_facet | Junling Jin Lars De Sloover Jeffrey Verbeurgt Cornelis Stal Greet Deruyter Anne-Lise Montreuil Philippe De Maeyer Alain De Wulf |
| author_sort | Junling Jin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surface moisture plays a key role in limiting the aeolian transport on sandy beaches. However, the existing measurement techniques cannot adequately characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of the beach surface moisture. In this study, a mobile terrestrial LiDAR (MTL) is demonstrated as a promising method to detect the beach surface moisture using a phase-based Z&F/Leica HDS6100 laser scanner mounted on an all-terrain vehicle. Firstly, two sets of indoor calibration experiments were conducted so as to comprehensively investigate the effect of distance, incidence angle and sand moisture contents on the backscattered intensity by means of sand samples with an average grain diameter of 0.12 mm. A moisture estimation model was developed which eliminated the effects of the incidence angle and distance (it only relates to the target surface reflectance). The experimental results reveal both the distance and incidence angle influencing the backscattered intensity of the sand samples. The standard error of the moisture model amounts to 2.0% moisture, which is considerably lower than the results of the photographic method. Moreover, a field measurement was conducted using the MTL system on a sandy beach in Belgium. The accuracy and robustness of the beach surface moisture derived from the MTL data was evaluated. The results show that the MTL is a highly suitable technique to accurately and robustly measure the surface moisture variations on a sandy beach with an ultra-high spatial resolution (centimeter-level) in a short time span (12 × 200 m per minute). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T14:52:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db38040f89314003b4b4786e337571dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T14:52:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-db38040f89314003b4b4786e337571dd2022-12-21T19:36:56ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922020-01-0112220910.3390/rs12020209rs12020209Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDARJunling Jin0Lars De Sloover1Jeffrey Verbeurgt2Cornelis Stal3Greet Deruyter4Anne-Lise Montreuil5Philippe De Maeyer6Alain De Wulf7Department of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 904, 9052 Ghent, BelgiumHydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, BelgiumDepartment of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumSurface moisture plays a key role in limiting the aeolian transport on sandy beaches. However, the existing measurement techniques cannot adequately characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of the beach surface moisture. In this study, a mobile terrestrial LiDAR (MTL) is demonstrated as a promising method to detect the beach surface moisture using a phase-based Z&F/Leica HDS6100 laser scanner mounted on an all-terrain vehicle. Firstly, two sets of indoor calibration experiments were conducted so as to comprehensively investigate the effect of distance, incidence angle and sand moisture contents on the backscattered intensity by means of sand samples with an average grain diameter of 0.12 mm. A moisture estimation model was developed which eliminated the effects of the incidence angle and distance (it only relates to the target surface reflectance). The experimental results reveal both the distance and incidence angle influencing the backscattered intensity of the sand samples. The standard error of the moisture model amounts to 2.0% moisture, which is considerably lower than the results of the photographic method. Moreover, a field measurement was conducted using the MTL system on a sandy beach in Belgium. The accuracy and robustness of the beach surface moisture derived from the MTL data was evaluated. The results show that the MTL is a highly suitable technique to accurately and robustly measure the surface moisture variations on a sandy beach with an ultra-high spatial resolution (centimeter-level) in a short time span (12 × 200 m per minute).https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/2/209beach monitoringmobile terrestrial lidarintensity calibrationbeach surface moisture |
| spellingShingle | Junling Jin Lars De Sloover Jeffrey Verbeurgt Cornelis Stal Greet Deruyter Anne-Lise Montreuil Philippe De Maeyer Alain De Wulf Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR Remote Sensing beach monitoring mobile terrestrial lidar intensity calibration beach surface moisture |
| title | Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR |
| title_full | Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR |
| title_fullStr | Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR |
| title_short | Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR |
| title_sort | measuring surface moisture on a sandy beach based on corrected intensity data of a mobile terrestrial lidar |
| topic | beach monitoring mobile terrestrial lidar intensity calibration beach surface moisture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/2/209 |
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