Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment
The fifth generation (5G) technology has been conceived to cover multiple usage scenarios from enhanced mobile broadband to ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) to massive machine type communications. However, the implementation of this new technology is causing increasing concern over...
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Environments |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/22 |
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| author | Daniele Franci Stefano Coltellacci Enrico Grillo Settimio Pavoncello Tommaso Aureli Rossana Cintoli Marco Donald Migliore |
| author_facet | Daniele Franci Stefano Coltellacci Enrico Grillo Settimio Pavoncello Tommaso Aureli Rossana Cintoli Marco Donald Migliore |
| author_sort | Daniele Franci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fifth generation (5G) technology has been conceived to cover multiple usage scenarios from enhanced mobile broadband to ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) to massive machine type communications. However, the implementation of this new technology is causing increasing concern over the possible impact on health and safety arising from exposure to electromagnetic field radiated by 5G systems, making imperative the development of accurate electromagnetic field (EMF) measurement techniques and protocols. Measurement techniques used to assess the compliance with EMF exposure limits are object to international regulation. The basic principle of the assessment is to measure the power received from a constant radio frequency source, typically a pilot signal, and to apply a proper extrapolation factor. This kind of approach is standardized for 2G, 3G, and 4G technologies, but is still under investigation for 5G technology. Indeed, the use of flexible numerologies and advanced Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and spatial multiplexing techniques, such as beam sweeping and Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), requires the definition of new procedures and protocols for EMF measurement of 5G signals. In this paper a procedure for an accurate estimation of the instant maximum power received from a 5G source is proposed. The extrapolation technique is based on the introduction of proper factors that take into account the effect of the TDD and of the sweep beam in the measured value of the 5G signal level. Preliminary experimental investigation, based on code domain measurement of appropriate broadcast channels, and carried out in a controlled environment are reported, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:32:29Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3298 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:32:29Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environments |
| spelling | doaj.art-db402b1caf854540a7b6780fb00267ce2022-12-22T03:59:19ZengMDPI AGEnvironments2076-32982020-03-01732210.3390/environments7030022environments7030022Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure AssessmentDaniele Franci0Stefano Coltellacci1Enrico Grillo2Settimio Pavoncello3Tommaso Aureli4Rossana Cintoli5Marco Donald Migliore6ARPA Lazio (Agenzia per la Protezione Ambientale del Lazio), Via G. Saredo 52, 00172 Rome, ItalyARPA Lazio (Agenzia per la Protezione Ambientale del Lazio), Via G. Saredo 52, 00172 Rome, ItalyARPA Lazio (Agenzia per la Protezione Ambientale del Lazio), Via G. Saredo 52, 00172 Rome, ItalyARPA Lazio (Agenzia per la Protezione Ambientale del Lazio), Via G. Saredo 52, 00172 Rome, ItalyARPA Lazio (Agenzia per la Protezione Ambientale del Lazio), Via G. Saredo 52, 00172 Rome, ItalyARPA Lazio (Agenzia per la Protezione Ambientale del Lazio), Via G. Saredo 52, 00172 Rome, ItalyDIEI (Dipartimento di Ingegeria Elettrica e dell’Informazione “Maurizio Scarano”)—University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via G. Di Biasio 43,03043 Cassino, ItalyThe fifth generation (5G) technology has been conceived to cover multiple usage scenarios from enhanced mobile broadband to ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) to massive machine type communications. However, the implementation of this new technology is causing increasing concern over the possible impact on health and safety arising from exposure to electromagnetic field radiated by 5G systems, making imperative the development of accurate electromagnetic field (EMF) measurement techniques and protocols. Measurement techniques used to assess the compliance with EMF exposure limits are object to international regulation. The basic principle of the assessment is to measure the power received from a constant radio frequency source, typically a pilot signal, and to apply a proper extrapolation factor. This kind of approach is standardized for 2G, 3G, and 4G technologies, but is still under investigation for 5G technology. Indeed, the use of flexible numerologies and advanced Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and spatial multiplexing techniques, such as beam sweeping and Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), requires the definition of new procedures and protocols for EMF measurement of 5G signals. In this paper a procedure for an accurate estimation of the instant maximum power received from a 5G source is proposed. The extrapolation technique is based on the introduction of proper factors that take into account the effect of the TDD and of the sweep beam in the measured value of the 5G signal level. Preliminary experimental investigation, based on code domain measurement of appropriate broadcast channels, and carried out in a controlled environment are reported, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/225g nrtddbeam sweepingss-blockmassive mimoemf exposure |
| spellingShingle | Daniele Franci Stefano Coltellacci Enrico Grillo Settimio Pavoncello Tommaso Aureli Rossana Cintoli Marco Donald Migliore Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment Environments 5g nr tdd beam sweeping ss-block massive mimo emf exposure |
| title | Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment |
| title_full | Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment |
| title_short | Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment |
| title_sort | experimental procedure for fifth generation 5g electromagnetic field emf measurement and maximum power extrapolation for human exposure assessment |
| topic | 5g nr tdd beam sweeping ss-block massive mimo emf exposure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/22 |
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