Association between Respiratory Sleep Indices and Cardiovascular Disease in Sleep Apnea—A Community-Based Study in Cyprus
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic and prevalent disorder, strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), or respiratory event index (REI), and the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) are the clinical metrics of sleep apnea in terms of diagnosis and severi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2475 |
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| author | Frangiskos Frangopoulos Ivi Nicolaou Savvas Zannetos Nicholas-Tiberio Economou Tonia Adamide Georgia Trakada |
| author_facet | Frangiskos Frangopoulos Ivi Nicolaou Savvas Zannetos Nicholas-Tiberio Economou Tonia Adamide Georgia Trakada |
| author_sort | Frangiskos Frangopoulos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic and prevalent disorder, strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), or respiratory event index (REI), and the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) are the clinical metrics of sleep apnea in terms of diagnosis and severity. However, AHI, or REI, does not quantify OSA-related hypoxemia and poorly predicts the consequences of sleep apnea in cardiometabolic diseases. Moreover, it is unclear whether ODI correlates with CVD in OSA. Our study aimed to examine the possible associations between respiratory sleep indices and CVD in OSA, in a non-clinic-based population in Cyprus. We screened 344 subjects of a stratified, total sample of 4118 eligible responders. All participants were adults (age 18+), residing in Cyprus. Each patient answered with a detailed clinical history in terms of CVD. A type III sleep test was performed on 282 subjects (81.97%). OSA (REI ≥ 15) was diagnosed in 92 patients (32.62%, Group A). REI < 15 was observed in the remaining 190 subjects (67.37%, Group B). In OSA group A, 40 individuals (43%) reported hypertension, 17 (18.5%) arrhythmias, 10 (11%) heart failure, 9 (9.8%) ischemic heart disease and 2 (2%) previous stroke, versus 46 (24%), 21 (11%), 7 (3.7%), 12 (6.3%) and 6 (3%), in Group B, respectively. Hypertension correlated with REI (<i>p</i> = 0.001), ODI (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and mean SaO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Arrhythmias correlated with mean SaO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and time spent under 90% oxygen saturation (<i>p</i> = 0.040). Heart failure correlated with REI (<i>p</i> = 0.043), especially in the supine position (0.036). No statistically significant correlations were observed between ischemic heart disease or stroke and REI, ODI and mean SaO<sub>2</sub>. The pathogenesis underlying CVD in OSA is variable. According to our data, hypertension correlated with REI, ODI and mean SaO<sub>2</sub>. Arrhythmias correlated only with hypoxemia (mean SaO<sub>2</sub>), whereas heart failure correlated only with REI, especially in the supine position. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:02:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db41af3641584053966870c1d76623ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:02:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-db41af3641584053966870c1d76623ae2023-11-20T08:47:02ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-08-0198247510.3390/jcm9082475Association between Respiratory Sleep Indices and Cardiovascular Disease in Sleep Apnea—A Community-Based Study in CyprusFrangiskos Frangopoulos0Ivi Nicolaou1Savvas Zannetos2Nicholas-Tiberio Economou3Tonia Adamide4Georgia Trakada5Respiratory Department, Nicosia General Hospital, 215 Nicosia–Limassol Old Road, Strovolos 2029, Nicosia, CyprusRespiratory Department, Nicosia General Hospital, 215 Nicosia–Limassol Old Road, Strovolos 2029, Nicosia, CyprusDepartment of Healthcare Management, Neapolis University, Pafos 8042, CyprusDivision of Pulmonology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 11528 Athens, GreeceRespiratory Department, Nicosia General Hospital, 215 Nicosia–Limassol Old Road, Strovolos 2029, Nicosia, CyprusDivision of Pulmonology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 11528 Athens, GreeceObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic and prevalent disorder, strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), or respiratory event index (REI), and the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) are the clinical metrics of sleep apnea in terms of diagnosis and severity. However, AHI, or REI, does not quantify OSA-related hypoxemia and poorly predicts the consequences of sleep apnea in cardiometabolic diseases. Moreover, it is unclear whether ODI correlates with CVD in OSA. Our study aimed to examine the possible associations between respiratory sleep indices and CVD in OSA, in a non-clinic-based population in Cyprus. We screened 344 subjects of a stratified, total sample of 4118 eligible responders. All participants were adults (age 18+), residing in Cyprus. Each patient answered with a detailed clinical history in terms of CVD. A type III sleep test was performed on 282 subjects (81.97%). OSA (REI ≥ 15) was diagnosed in 92 patients (32.62%, Group A). REI < 15 was observed in the remaining 190 subjects (67.37%, Group B). In OSA group A, 40 individuals (43%) reported hypertension, 17 (18.5%) arrhythmias, 10 (11%) heart failure, 9 (9.8%) ischemic heart disease and 2 (2%) previous stroke, versus 46 (24%), 21 (11%), 7 (3.7%), 12 (6.3%) and 6 (3%), in Group B, respectively. Hypertension correlated with REI (<i>p</i> = 0.001), ODI (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and mean SaO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Arrhythmias correlated with mean SaO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and time spent under 90% oxygen saturation (<i>p</i> = 0.040). Heart failure correlated with REI (<i>p</i> = 0.043), especially in the supine position (0.036). No statistically significant correlations were observed between ischemic heart disease or stroke and REI, ODI and mean SaO<sub>2</sub>. The pathogenesis underlying CVD in OSA is variable. According to our data, hypertension correlated with REI, ODI and mean SaO<sub>2</sub>. Arrhythmias correlated only with hypoxemia (mean SaO<sub>2</sub>), whereas heart failure correlated only with REI, especially in the supine position.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2475obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)respiratory event index (REI)oxygen desaturation index (ODI)hypertensionarrhythmiasheart failure |
| spellingShingle | Frangiskos Frangopoulos Ivi Nicolaou Savvas Zannetos Nicholas-Tiberio Economou Tonia Adamide Georgia Trakada Association between Respiratory Sleep Indices and Cardiovascular Disease in Sleep Apnea—A Community-Based Study in Cyprus Journal of Clinical Medicine obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) respiratory event index (REI) oxygen desaturation index (ODI) hypertension arrhythmias heart failure |
| title | Association between Respiratory Sleep Indices and Cardiovascular Disease in Sleep Apnea—A Community-Based Study in Cyprus |
| title_full | Association between Respiratory Sleep Indices and Cardiovascular Disease in Sleep Apnea—A Community-Based Study in Cyprus |
| title_fullStr | Association between Respiratory Sleep Indices and Cardiovascular Disease in Sleep Apnea—A Community-Based Study in Cyprus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between Respiratory Sleep Indices and Cardiovascular Disease in Sleep Apnea—A Community-Based Study in Cyprus |
| title_short | Association between Respiratory Sleep Indices and Cardiovascular Disease in Sleep Apnea—A Community-Based Study in Cyprus |
| title_sort | association between respiratory sleep indices and cardiovascular disease in sleep apnea a community based study in cyprus |
| topic | obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) respiratory event index (REI) oxygen desaturation index (ODI) hypertension arrhythmias heart failure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2475 |
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