| Summary: | <i>Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides</i> and <i>Scaptotrigona depilis</i> are species of stingless bees capable of producing propolis, which has considerable bioprospecting potential. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical compositions and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of propolis produced by <i>M. q. anthidioides</i> and <i>S. depilis</i>. The ethanolic extracts of propolis of <i>M. q. anthidioides</i> (EEP-M) and <i>S. depilis</i> (EEP-S) were prepared, and their chemical constituents were characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against bacteria and fungi, isolated from reference strains and hospital origin resistant to the action of antibiotics. From EEP-M, phenolic compounds were annotated, including gallic acid, ellagic acid, and flavonoids, as well as diterpenes and triterpenes. EEP-S showed mainly triterpene in its chemical composition. Both extracts inhibited the growth of medically relevant bacteria and fungi, including hospital-acquired and antimicrobial-resistant. In general, EEP-S showed better antimicrobial activity compared to EEP-M. The MIC of EEP-S against vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> was 3.50 mg/mL, while the MIC of EEP-M was 5.33 ± 0.16 mg/mL. In conclusion, this study shows that propolis produced by <i>M. q. anthidioides</i> and <i>S. depilis</i> has the potential to be used for the prevention or treatment of microbial infections.
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