The implication of a diversity of non-neuronal cells in disorders affecting brain networks
In the central nervous system (CNS) neurons are classically considered the functional unit of the brain. Analysis of the physical connections and co-activation of neurons, referred to as structural and functional connectivity, respectively, is a metric used to understand their interplay at a higher...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2022.1015556/full |
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| author | Micaël Carrier Micaël Carrier Kira Dolhan Kira Dolhan Bianca Caroline Bobotis Michèle Desjardins Michèle Desjardins Marie-Ève Tremblay Marie-Ève Tremblay Marie-Ève Tremblay Marie-Ève Tremblay Marie-Ève Tremblay |
| author_facet | Micaël Carrier Micaël Carrier Kira Dolhan Kira Dolhan Bianca Caroline Bobotis Michèle Desjardins Michèle Desjardins Marie-Ève Tremblay Marie-Ève Tremblay Marie-Ève Tremblay Marie-Ève Tremblay Marie-Ève Tremblay |
| author_sort | Micaël Carrier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the central nervous system (CNS) neurons are classically considered the functional unit of the brain. Analysis of the physical connections and co-activation of neurons, referred to as structural and functional connectivity, respectively, is a metric used to understand their interplay at a higher level. A myriad of glial cell types throughout the brain composed of microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are key players in the maintenance and regulation of neuronal network dynamics. Microglia are the central immune cells of the CNS, able to affect neuronal populations in number and connectivity, allowing for maturation and plasticity of the CNS. Microglia and astrocytes are part of the neurovascular unit, and together they are essential to protect and supply nutrients to the CNS. Oligodendrocytes are known for their canonical role in axonal myelination, but also contribute, with microglia and astrocytes, to CNS energy metabolism. Glial cells can achieve this variety of roles because of their heterogeneous populations comprised of different states. The neuroglial relationship can be compromised in various manners in case of pathologies affecting development and plasticity of the CNS, but also consciousness and mood. This review covers structural and functional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and disorder of consciousness, as well as their correlation with vascular connectivity. These networks are further explored at the cellular scale by integrating the role of glial cell diversity across the CNS to explain how these networks are affected in pathology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:24:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db485254343e468aa30fdb1a9b6a8bfc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5102 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:24:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-db485254343e468aa30fdb1a9b6a8bfc2022-12-22T02:47:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022022-11-011610.3389/fncel.2022.10155561015556The implication of a diversity of non-neuronal cells in disorders affecting brain networksMicaël Carrier0Micaël Carrier1Kira Dolhan2Kira Dolhan3Bianca Caroline Bobotis4Michèle Desjardins5Michèle Desjardins6Marie-Ève Tremblay7Marie-Ève Tremblay8Marie-Ève Tremblay9Marie-Ève Tremblay10Marie-Ève Tremblay11Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, CanadaDivision of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, CanadaDepartment of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, CanadaDivision of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, CanadaDepartment of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, CanadaOncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, CanadaNeurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, CanadaDivision of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, CanadaDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, CanadaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaIn the central nervous system (CNS) neurons are classically considered the functional unit of the brain. Analysis of the physical connections and co-activation of neurons, referred to as structural and functional connectivity, respectively, is a metric used to understand their interplay at a higher level. A myriad of glial cell types throughout the brain composed of microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are key players in the maintenance and regulation of neuronal network dynamics. Microglia are the central immune cells of the CNS, able to affect neuronal populations in number and connectivity, allowing for maturation and plasticity of the CNS. Microglia and astrocytes are part of the neurovascular unit, and together they are essential to protect and supply nutrients to the CNS. Oligodendrocytes are known for their canonical role in axonal myelination, but also contribute, with microglia and astrocytes, to CNS energy metabolism. Glial cells can achieve this variety of roles because of their heterogeneous populations comprised of different states. The neuroglial relationship can be compromised in various manners in case of pathologies affecting development and plasticity of the CNS, but also consciousness and mood. This review covers structural and functional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and disorder of consciousness, as well as their correlation with vascular connectivity. These networks are further explored at the cellular scale by integrating the role of glial cell diversity across the CNS to explain how these networks are affected in pathology.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2022.1015556/fullneuronssynapsesstructural and functional connectivitymicrogliaastrocytesoligodendrocytes |
| spellingShingle | Micaël Carrier Micaël Carrier Kira Dolhan Kira Dolhan Bianca Caroline Bobotis Michèle Desjardins Michèle Desjardins Marie-Ève Tremblay Marie-Ève Tremblay Marie-Ève Tremblay Marie-Ève Tremblay Marie-Ève Tremblay The implication of a diversity of non-neuronal cells in disorders affecting brain networks Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience neurons synapses structural and functional connectivity microglia astrocytes oligodendrocytes |
| title | The implication of a diversity of non-neuronal cells in disorders affecting brain networks |
| title_full | The implication of a diversity of non-neuronal cells in disorders affecting brain networks |
| title_fullStr | The implication of a diversity of non-neuronal cells in disorders affecting brain networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | The implication of a diversity of non-neuronal cells in disorders affecting brain networks |
| title_short | The implication of a diversity of non-neuronal cells in disorders affecting brain networks |
| title_sort | implication of a diversity of non neuronal cells in disorders affecting brain networks |
| topic | neurons synapses structural and functional connectivity microglia astrocytes oligodendrocytes |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2022.1015556/full |
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