Optimization and Kinetic Study of Treating Dye-Contaminated Wastewater Using Bio-Composite Synthesized from Natural Waste
The main objective of the present research project was to investigate the possibility of using low cost, eco-friendly, and easily available adsorbents, such as mint biomass and marble stone waste, for the removal of dyes, DRIM blue HS-RL and DRIM black ep-B, from wastewater using an efficient proced...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| author | Mana Iqbal Muhammad Asif Hanif Umer Rashid Muhammad Idrees Jilani Fahad A. Alharthi Elham Ahmed Kazerooni |
| author_facet | Mana Iqbal Muhammad Asif Hanif Umer Rashid Muhammad Idrees Jilani Fahad A. Alharthi Elham Ahmed Kazerooni |
| author_sort | Mana Iqbal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main objective of the present research project was to investigate the possibility of using low cost, eco-friendly, and easily available adsorbents, such as mint biomass and marble stone waste, for the removal of dyes, DRIM blue HS-RL and DRIM black ep-B, from wastewater using an efficient procedure, which is adsorption. Nine different combinations of these adsorbents were prepared with and without modification using sodium metasilicate and potassium ferricyanide. Spectroscopic analysis was carried out to investigate the λ<sub>max</sub> of the dyes. Adsorbent nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and zeta (ζ) potential. Adsorption equilibrium studies were investigated by determining the adsorption at the following conditions: initial dye concentrations (5–50 ppm), adsorbent doses (0.005–0.5 g), contact times (15–240 min), temperatures (30–70 °C) and pH (5–10). Of all the nine adsorbents, MTPF showed the maximum adsorption capacity at 50 ppm initial dye concentration, 0.005 g dosage of adsorbent and 240 min contact time for both dyes. DRIM Blue HS-RL was adsorbed efficiently at 6 pH and temperature 60 °C and DRIM black ep-B was adsorbed at pH 5 and temperature 50 °C by MTPF (mint–tawera composite treated with potassium ferricyanide). Among the various adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Freundlich, Herkin–Jura, and Temkin isotherms), some adsorbent followed the Freundlich isotherm while the others followed the Langmuir isotherm. The best-fit model was decided based on their high R<sup>2</sup> value and agreement between q<sub>e</sub> calculated from isotherms and those obtained experimentally. At equilibrium concentration, application of kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order) revealed that the best-fit model was pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both dyes, as their R<sup>2</sup> > 0.9, and q<sub>e</sub> calculated was close to q<sub>e</sub> obtained experimentally. |
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| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:39:32Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-db4e37135a92437c80ef9816c2a04b5c2023-11-18T21:20:58ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-06-0110738610.3390/separations10070386Optimization and Kinetic Study of Treating Dye-Contaminated Wastewater Using Bio-Composite Synthesized from Natural WasteMana Iqbal0Muhammad Asif Hanif1Umer Rashid2Muhammad Idrees Jilani3Fahad A. Alharthi4Elham Ahmed Kazerooni5Nano and Biomaterials Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanNano and Biomaterials Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, PakistanChemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaThe main objective of the present research project was to investigate the possibility of using low cost, eco-friendly, and easily available adsorbents, such as mint biomass and marble stone waste, for the removal of dyes, DRIM blue HS-RL and DRIM black ep-B, from wastewater using an efficient procedure, which is adsorption. Nine different combinations of these adsorbents were prepared with and without modification using sodium metasilicate and potassium ferricyanide. Spectroscopic analysis was carried out to investigate the λ<sub>max</sub> of the dyes. Adsorbent nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and zeta (ζ) potential. Adsorption equilibrium studies were investigated by determining the adsorption at the following conditions: initial dye concentrations (5–50 ppm), adsorbent doses (0.005–0.5 g), contact times (15–240 min), temperatures (30–70 °C) and pH (5–10). Of all the nine adsorbents, MTPF showed the maximum adsorption capacity at 50 ppm initial dye concentration, 0.005 g dosage of adsorbent and 240 min contact time for both dyes. DRIM Blue HS-RL was adsorbed efficiently at 6 pH and temperature 60 °C and DRIM black ep-B was adsorbed at pH 5 and temperature 50 °C by MTPF (mint–tawera composite treated with potassium ferricyanide). Among the various adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Freundlich, Herkin–Jura, and Temkin isotherms), some adsorbent followed the Freundlich isotherm while the others followed the Langmuir isotherm. The best-fit model was decided based on their high R<sup>2</sup> value and agreement between q<sub>e</sub> calculated from isotherms and those obtained experimentally. At equilibrium concentration, application of kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order) revealed that the best-fit model was pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both dyes, as their R<sup>2</sup> > 0.9, and q<sub>e</sub> calculated was close to q<sub>e</sub> obtained experimentally.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/386adsorptionmint biomassstone wasteDRIM blueDRIM black |
| spellingShingle | Mana Iqbal Muhammad Asif Hanif Umer Rashid Muhammad Idrees Jilani Fahad A. Alharthi Elham Ahmed Kazerooni Optimization and Kinetic Study of Treating Dye-Contaminated Wastewater Using Bio-Composite Synthesized from Natural Waste Separations adsorption mint biomass stone waste DRIM blue DRIM black |
| title | Optimization and Kinetic Study of Treating Dye-Contaminated Wastewater Using Bio-Composite Synthesized from Natural Waste |
| title_full | Optimization and Kinetic Study of Treating Dye-Contaminated Wastewater Using Bio-Composite Synthesized from Natural Waste |
| title_fullStr | Optimization and Kinetic Study of Treating Dye-Contaminated Wastewater Using Bio-Composite Synthesized from Natural Waste |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization and Kinetic Study of Treating Dye-Contaminated Wastewater Using Bio-Composite Synthesized from Natural Waste |
| title_short | Optimization and Kinetic Study of Treating Dye-Contaminated Wastewater Using Bio-Composite Synthesized from Natural Waste |
| title_sort | optimization and kinetic study of treating dye contaminated wastewater using bio composite synthesized from natural waste |
| topic | adsorption mint biomass stone waste DRIM blue DRIM black |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/386 |
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