Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids Profile is Changed in Polish Depressive Women
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) being produced during fermentation of non-digestible polysaccharides are regulatory compounds with the potential to influence inflammatory, as well as emotional state and cognition through the gut⁻brain axis. We analyzed the association between stool concent...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/12/1939 |
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| author | Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka Elżbieta Grochans Dominika Maciejewska Małgorzata Szkup Daria Schneider-Matyka Anna Jurczak Igor Łoniewski Mariusz Kaczmarczyk Wojciech Marlicz Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska Justyna Pełka-Wysiecka Karolina Dec Ewa Stachowska |
| author_facet | Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka Elżbieta Grochans Dominika Maciejewska Małgorzata Szkup Daria Schneider-Matyka Anna Jurczak Igor Łoniewski Mariusz Kaczmarczyk Wojciech Marlicz Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska Justyna Pełka-Wysiecka Karolina Dec Ewa Stachowska |
| author_sort | Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) being produced during fermentation of non-digestible polysaccharides are regulatory compounds with the potential to influence inflammatory, as well as emotional state and cognition through the gut⁻brain axis. We analyzed the association between stool concentration of SCFAs (acetic acid (C 2:0), propionic acid (C 3:0), isobutyric acid (C 4:0 <i>i</i>), butyric acid (C 4:0 <i>n</i>), isovaleric acid (C 5:0 <i>i</i>) valeric acid (C 5:0 <i>n</i>), isocaproic acid (C 6:0 <i>i</i>), caproic acid, and (C 6:0 <i>n</i>) heptanoic acid (C 7:0)) and depressive symptoms among women and looked for the potential confounders of microbiota byproduct synthesis. We enrolled 116 women aged 52.0 ± 4.7 years and recognized depression in 47 (40.52%). To analyze the emotional state, Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was used. We assessed SCFAs content by means of gas chromatography. Fiber intake was estimated using parts of food frequency questionnaire. The content of acetic acid was significantly lowered compared to non-depressed women (median {IQR}: 29.49 {20.81} vs. 34.99 {19.55}, <i>p</i> = 0.04). A tendency toward decreased level of propionic acid was noticed (median {IQR}: 16.88 {9.73} vs. 21.64 {12.17}, <i>p</i> = 0.07), while the concentration of isocaproic acid was significantly increased in (median {IQR}: 0.89 {1.15} vs. 0.56 {0.95}, <i>p</i> < 0.01) comparison to matched healthy subjects. We found negative correlations between acetate, propionate, and Beck’s score (r = −0.2, <i>p</i> = 0.03; r = −0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.02, respectively). Statistically significant correlations between acetate and propionate and BDI somatic score (r = −0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.01; r = −0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.03), as well as correlations regarding isocaproic and both cognitive/affective (r = 0.37, <i>p</i> = 0.0001) and somatic (r = 9.37, <i>p</i> < 0.001) scores were found. Women who declared current usage of lipid-lowering and thyroid drugs in the past, had higher content of C6:0-i (Users; median {IQR}: 1.91 {3.62} vs. non-users; 0.55 {0.67}; <i>p</i> = 0.0048).and lower of C2:0 (Users; median {IQR}: 23.07 {12.80} vs. non users 33.73 {21.44}; <i>p</i> = 0.041), respectively. No correlations regarding SCFAs concentration and fiber intake were found. We concluded that SCFAs may potentially contribute to depression phenotype, however, due to the small size of groups suffering from moderately heavy (<i>n</i> = 5) and severe (<i>n</i> = 7) depression, the conclusion should be treated with caution. Pharmacotherapy of hyperlipidemia and thyroid disease might affect SCFAs synthesis. Studies with more participants are required. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:00:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db50ccba102c4d23814c11a1df159570 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:00:40Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-db50ccba102c4d23814c11a1df1595702022-12-22T03:35:58ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432018-12-011012193910.3390/nu10121939nu10121939Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids Profile is Changed in Polish Depressive WomenKarolina Skonieczna-Żydecka0Elżbieta Grochans1Dominika Maciejewska2Małgorzata Szkup3Daria Schneider-Matyka4Anna Jurczak5Igor Łoniewski6Mariusz Kaczmarczyk7Wojciech Marlicz8Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska9Justyna Pełka-Wysiecka10Karolina Dec11Ewa Stachowska12Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, PolandShort chain fatty acids (SCFAs) being produced during fermentation of non-digestible polysaccharides are regulatory compounds with the potential to influence inflammatory, as well as emotional state and cognition through the gut⁻brain axis. We analyzed the association between stool concentration of SCFAs (acetic acid (C 2:0), propionic acid (C 3:0), isobutyric acid (C 4:0 <i>i</i>), butyric acid (C 4:0 <i>n</i>), isovaleric acid (C 5:0 <i>i</i>) valeric acid (C 5:0 <i>n</i>), isocaproic acid (C 6:0 <i>i</i>), caproic acid, and (C 6:0 <i>n</i>) heptanoic acid (C 7:0)) and depressive symptoms among women and looked for the potential confounders of microbiota byproduct synthesis. We enrolled 116 women aged 52.0 ± 4.7 years and recognized depression in 47 (40.52%). To analyze the emotional state, Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was used. We assessed SCFAs content by means of gas chromatography. Fiber intake was estimated using parts of food frequency questionnaire. The content of acetic acid was significantly lowered compared to non-depressed women (median {IQR}: 29.49 {20.81} vs. 34.99 {19.55}, <i>p</i> = 0.04). A tendency toward decreased level of propionic acid was noticed (median {IQR}: 16.88 {9.73} vs. 21.64 {12.17}, <i>p</i> = 0.07), while the concentration of isocaproic acid was significantly increased in (median {IQR}: 0.89 {1.15} vs. 0.56 {0.95}, <i>p</i> < 0.01) comparison to matched healthy subjects. We found negative correlations between acetate, propionate, and Beck’s score (r = −0.2, <i>p</i> = 0.03; r = −0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.02, respectively). Statistically significant correlations between acetate and propionate and BDI somatic score (r = −0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.01; r = −0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.03), as well as correlations regarding isocaproic and both cognitive/affective (r = 0.37, <i>p</i> = 0.0001) and somatic (r = 9.37, <i>p</i> < 0.001) scores were found. Women who declared current usage of lipid-lowering and thyroid drugs in the past, had higher content of C6:0-i (Users; median {IQR}: 1.91 {3.62} vs. non-users; 0.55 {0.67}; <i>p</i> = 0.0048).and lower of C2:0 (Users; median {IQR}: 23.07 {12.80} vs. non users 33.73 {21.44}; <i>p</i> = 0.041), respectively. No correlations regarding SCFAs concentration and fiber intake were found. We concluded that SCFAs may potentially contribute to depression phenotype, however, due to the small size of groups suffering from moderately heavy (<i>n</i> = 5) and severe (<i>n</i> = 7) depression, the conclusion should be treated with caution. Pharmacotherapy of hyperlipidemia and thyroid disease might affect SCFAs synthesis. Studies with more participants are required.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/12/1939short chain fatty acidsfiberdepressionpharmacotherapymicrobiotagut-brain axis |
| spellingShingle | Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka Elżbieta Grochans Dominika Maciejewska Małgorzata Szkup Daria Schneider-Matyka Anna Jurczak Igor Łoniewski Mariusz Kaczmarczyk Wojciech Marlicz Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska Justyna Pełka-Wysiecka Karolina Dec Ewa Stachowska Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids Profile is Changed in Polish Depressive Women Nutrients short chain fatty acids fiber depression pharmacotherapy microbiota gut-brain axis |
| title | Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids Profile is Changed in Polish Depressive Women |
| title_full | Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids Profile is Changed in Polish Depressive Women |
| title_fullStr | Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids Profile is Changed in Polish Depressive Women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids Profile is Changed in Polish Depressive Women |
| title_short | Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids Profile is Changed in Polish Depressive Women |
| title_sort | faecal short chain fatty acids profile is changed in polish depressive women |
| topic | short chain fatty acids fiber depression pharmacotherapy microbiota gut-brain axis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/12/1939 |
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