Effect of four fluoroquinolones on the viability of bladder cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultures
IntroductionThe anticancer properties of fluoroquinolones and the high concentrations they achieve in urine may help in bladder cancer therapy. This study aimed to analyze the properties of 4 fluoroquinolones as potential candidates for supportive treatment of bladder cancer. MethodsComparative anal...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2023.1222411/full |
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| author | Tomasz Kloskowski Zuzanna Fekner Kamil Szeliski Michelle Paradowska Daria Balcerczyk Marta Rasmus Paweł Dąbrowski Łukasz Kaźmierski Tomasz Drewa Tomasz Drewa Marta Pokrywczyńska |
| author_facet | Tomasz Kloskowski Zuzanna Fekner Kamil Szeliski Michelle Paradowska Daria Balcerczyk Marta Rasmus Paweł Dąbrowski Łukasz Kaźmierski Tomasz Drewa Tomasz Drewa Marta Pokrywczyńska |
| author_sort | Tomasz Kloskowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe anticancer properties of fluoroquinolones and the high concentrations they achieve in urine may help in bladder cancer therapy. This study aimed to analyze the properties of 4 fluoroquinolones as potential candidates for supportive treatment of bladder cancer. MethodsComparative analyses were performed on the cytotoxic effects of norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ofloxacin on normal and cancer urothelial cell lines. In 2D culture, the cytotoxic properties of fluoroquinolones were evaluated using MTT assay, real-time cell growth analysis, fluorescence and light microscopy, flow cytometry, and molecular analysis. In 3D culture, the properties of fluoroquinolones were tested using luminescence assays and confocal microscopy.Results and DiscussionAll tested fluoroquinolones in 2D culture decreased the viability of both tested cell lines in a dose- and timedependent manner. Lower concentrations did not influence cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. In higher concentrations, destruction of the actin cytoskeleton and shrinkage of the nucleus was visible. Flow cytometry analysis showed cell cycle inhibition of bladder cancer cell lines in the G2/M phase. This influence was minimal in the case of normal urothelium cells. In both tested cell lines, increases in the number of late apoptotic cells were observed. Molecular analysis showed variable expression of studied genes depending on the drug and concentration. In 3D culture, tested drugs were effective only in the highest tested concentrations which was accompanied by caspase 3/7 activation and cytoskeleton degradation. This effect was hardly visible in non-cancer cell lines. According to the data, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin had the most promising properties. These two fluoroquinolones exhibited the highest cytotoxic properties against both tested cell lines. In the case of norfloxacin, almost all calculated LC values for bladder cancer cell lines were achievable in the urine. Enrofloxacin and norfloxacin can be used to support chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:10:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db50ea51cd1346cb96b170d00d7920fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:10:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-db50ea51cd1346cb96b170d00d7920fd2023-07-18T08:14:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2023-07-011310.3389/fonc.2023.12224111222411Effect of four fluoroquinolones on the viability of bladder cancer cells in 2D and 3D culturesTomasz Kloskowski0Zuzanna Fekner1Kamil Szeliski2Michelle Paradowska3Daria Balcerczyk4Marta Rasmus5Paweł Dąbrowski6Łukasz Kaźmierski7Tomasz Drewa8Tomasz Drewa9Marta Pokrywczyńska10Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, PolandChair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, PolandChair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, PolandChair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, PolandChair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, PolandChair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, PolandChair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, PolandChair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Tissue Engineering, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, PolandChair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, PolandChair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Tissue Engineering, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, PolandChair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, PolandIntroductionThe anticancer properties of fluoroquinolones and the high concentrations they achieve in urine may help in bladder cancer therapy. This study aimed to analyze the properties of 4 fluoroquinolones as potential candidates for supportive treatment of bladder cancer. MethodsComparative analyses were performed on the cytotoxic effects of norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ofloxacin on normal and cancer urothelial cell lines. In 2D culture, the cytotoxic properties of fluoroquinolones were evaluated using MTT assay, real-time cell growth analysis, fluorescence and light microscopy, flow cytometry, and molecular analysis. In 3D culture, the properties of fluoroquinolones were tested using luminescence assays and confocal microscopy.Results and DiscussionAll tested fluoroquinolones in 2D culture decreased the viability of both tested cell lines in a dose- and timedependent manner. Lower concentrations did not influence cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. In higher concentrations, destruction of the actin cytoskeleton and shrinkage of the nucleus was visible. Flow cytometry analysis showed cell cycle inhibition of bladder cancer cell lines in the G2/M phase. This influence was minimal in the case of normal urothelium cells. In both tested cell lines, increases in the number of late apoptotic cells were observed. Molecular analysis showed variable expression of studied genes depending on the drug and concentration. In 3D culture, tested drugs were effective only in the highest tested concentrations which was accompanied by caspase 3/7 activation and cytoskeleton degradation. This effect was hardly visible in non-cancer cell lines. According to the data, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin had the most promising properties. These two fluoroquinolones exhibited the highest cytotoxic properties against both tested cell lines. In the case of norfloxacin, almost all calculated LC values for bladder cancer cell lines were achievable in the urine. Enrofloxacin and norfloxacin can be used to support chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2023.1222411/fullbladder cancerfluoroquinolonesenrofloxacin (ENR)moxifloxacin (MOX)ofloxacin (OFL)norfloxacin (NFX) |
| spellingShingle | Tomasz Kloskowski Zuzanna Fekner Kamil Szeliski Michelle Paradowska Daria Balcerczyk Marta Rasmus Paweł Dąbrowski Łukasz Kaźmierski Tomasz Drewa Tomasz Drewa Marta Pokrywczyńska Effect of four fluoroquinolones on the viability of bladder cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultures Frontiers in Oncology bladder cancer fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin (ENR) moxifloxacin (MOX) ofloxacin (OFL) norfloxacin (NFX) |
| title | Effect of four fluoroquinolones on the viability of bladder cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultures |
| title_full | Effect of four fluoroquinolones on the viability of bladder cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultures |
| title_fullStr | Effect of four fluoroquinolones on the viability of bladder cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of four fluoroquinolones on the viability of bladder cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultures |
| title_short | Effect of four fluoroquinolones on the viability of bladder cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultures |
| title_sort | effect of four fluoroquinolones on the viability of bladder cancer cells in 2d and 3d cultures |
| topic | bladder cancer fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin (ENR) moxifloxacin (MOX) ofloxacin (OFL) norfloxacin (NFX) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2023.1222411/full |
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