Vehicular ammonia emissions: an underappreciated emission source in densely populated areas
<p>On-road ammonia (NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) emissions play a significant role in fine particulate matter (PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>) formation in urban areas, posing sever...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/3819/2023/acp-23-3819-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797854962066128896 |
|---|---|
| author | Y. Wen S. Zhang S. Zhang S. Zhang Y. Wu Y. Wu Y. Wu J. Hao J. Hao J. Hao |
| author_facet | Y. Wen S. Zhang S. Zhang S. Zhang Y. Wu Y. Wu Y. Wu J. Hao J. Hao J. Hao |
| author_sort | Y. Wen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>On-road ammonia (NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) emissions play a significant
role in fine particulate matter (PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>) formation in urban areas,
posing severe risks for human health. Limited studies have depicted the
spatial and temporal variations of on-road NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emissions, in particular
lacking detailed quantification of their contributions within
densely populated areas. In this study, we established a comprehensive
vehicular NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emission model and compiled a gridded on-road NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>
emission inventory with high spatial (3 km <span class="inline-formula">×</span> 3 km) and temporal
(monthly) resolution for mainland China. China's annual vehicular NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>
emissions are estimated to increase from 32.8 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 1.7 to 87.1 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 37.5 kt during the period of 2000–2019. Vehicular NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emissions are
significantly concentrated in densely populated areas, where agricultural
emissions have relatively lower intensity. It is found that vehicular
NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emissions could exceed agricultural emissions in the grids
containing 23.0 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 2.1 % of the Chinese population in 2019
(approximately 326.6 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 25.4 million people), and this ratio is up to
29.4 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 3.0 % in winter. For extremely populous megacities such as
Beijing and Shanghai, vehicular NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emissions exceed agricultural
emissions, where 69.2 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 1.2 % and 72.0 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 1.3 % of the population
resides, respectively. Thus, the significant role of on-road NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>
emissions in populated areas may have been underappreciated. This study gave
a better insight into the absolute value and relative importance of on-road
NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emissions for different regions, seasons and population densities in
China; this is important in terms of the implications for air quality.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:15:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db64480335b44084bb1275018ea86f36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:15:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-db64480335b44084bb1275018ea86f362023-03-31T10:14:09ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242023-03-01233819382810.5194/acp-23-3819-2023Vehicular ammonia emissions: an underappreciated emission source in densely populated areasY. Wen0S. Zhang1S. Zhang2S. Zhang3Y. Wu4Y. Wu5Y. Wu6J. Hao7J. Hao8J. Hao9School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaSchool of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, ChinaBeijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, ChinaBeijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, ChinaBeijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China<p>On-road ammonia (NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) emissions play a significant role in fine particulate matter (PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>) formation in urban areas, posing severe risks for human health. Limited studies have depicted the spatial and temporal variations of on-road NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emissions, in particular lacking detailed quantification of their contributions within densely populated areas. In this study, we established a comprehensive vehicular NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emission model and compiled a gridded on-road NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emission inventory with high spatial (3 km <span class="inline-formula">×</span> 3 km) and temporal (monthly) resolution for mainland China. China's annual vehicular NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emissions are estimated to increase from 32.8 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 1.7 to 87.1 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 37.5 kt during the period of 2000–2019. Vehicular NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emissions are significantly concentrated in densely populated areas, where agricultural emissions have relatively lower intensity. It is found that vehicular NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emissions could exceed agricultural emissions in the grids containing 23.0 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 2.1 % of the Chinese population in 2019 (approximately 326.6 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 25.4 million people), and this ratio is up to 29.4 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 3.0 % in winter. For extremely populous megacities such as Beijing and Shanghai, vehicular NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emissions exceed agricultural emissions, where 69.2 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 1.2 % and 72.0 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 1.3 % of the population resides, respectively. Thus, the significant role of on-road NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emissions in populated areas may have been underappreciated. This study gave a better insight into the absolute value and relative importance of on-road NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> emissions for different regions, seasons and population densities in China; this is important in terms of the implications for air quality.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/3819/2023/acp-23-3819-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Y. Wen S. Zhang S. Zhang S. Zhang Y. Wu Y. Wu Y. Wu J. Hao J. Hao J. Hao Vehicular ammonia emissions: an underappreciated emission source in densely populated areas Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Vehicular ammonia emissions: an underappreciated emission source in densely populated areas |
| title_full | Vehicular ammonia emissions: an underappreciated emission source in densely populated areas |
| title_fullStr | Vehicular ammonia emissions: an underappreciated emission source in densely populated areas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vehicular ammonia emissions: an underappreciated emission source in densely populated areas |
| title_short | Vehicular ammonia emissions: an underappreciated emission source in densely populated areas |
| title_sort | vehicular ammonia emissions an underappreciated emission source in densely populated areas |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/3819/2023/acp-23-3819-2023.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ywen vehicularammoniaemissionsanunderappreciatedemissionsourceindenselypopulatedareas AT szhang vehicularammoniaemissionsanunderappreciatedemissionsourceindenselypopulatedareas AT szhang vehicularammoniaemissionsanunderappreciatedemissionsourceindenselypopulatedareas AT szhang vehicularammoniaemissionsanunderappreciatedemissionsourceindenselypopulatedareas AT ywu vehicularammoniaemissionsanunderappreciatedemissionsourceindenselypopulatedareas AT ywu vehicularammoniaemissionsanunderappreciatedemissionsourceindenselypopulatedareas AT ywu vehicularammoniaemissionsanunderappreciatedemissionsourceindenselypopulatedareas AT jhao vehicularammoniaemissionsanunderappreciatedemissionsourceindenselypopulatedareas AT jhao vehicularammoniaemissionsanunderappreciatedemissionsourceindenselypopulatedareas AT jhao vehicularammoniaemissionsanunderappreciatedemissionsourceindenselypopulatedareas |