Prevalence of Carcinomatous Foci in Oral Leukoplakia: A Clinicopathologic Study of 546 Indian Samples
Introduction: Oral Leukoplakia (OL), the most common potentially malignant disorder, is diagnosed clinically on the basis of exclusion of other lesions. In a country like India, where prevalence of oral cancer is very high, the issue of carcinomatous foci within OL at the time of initial diagnos...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2016-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/8305/16815_CE(EK)_F(AK)_PF1(EKAK)_PFA(AK)_PF2(PAG).pdf |
| Summary: | Introduction: Oral Leukoplakia (OL), the most common
potentially malignant disorder, is diagnosed clinically on the
basis of exclusion of other lesions. In a country like India, where
prevalence of oral cancer is very high, the issue of carcinomatous
foci within OL at the time of initial diagnosis of leukoplakia has
never been addressed before.
Aim: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for epithelial
dysplasia as well as carcinoma within OL lesions at the time
of initial clinical presentation in an Indian population with high
prevalence of tobacco use.
Materials and Methods: Clinical and pathologic data (age,
sex, lesion location and histopathologic grading) of 546 cases
of leukoplakia were analyzed. The prevalence rate of dysplasia
and carcinoma in 546 oral leukoplakia cases was calculated.
Univariate analysis was performed to examine risk factors
associated with the presence of carcinoma and dysplasia within
the lesions.
Results: The male to female ratio in this study was 2:1. Majority
of the patients irrespective of sex had a history of tobacco use.
Of the total 85% of non-homogeneous lesions and 70% for the
homogeneous lesions were illustrating, features of epithelial
dysplasia. The prevalence rate of carcinoma was 11.9%.
In univariate analysis it was found that lesion site, clinical
appearance, tobacco use were strongly correlated with the
presence of carcinoma within OL.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that majority of leukoplakia
irrespective of its clinical appearance contain a dysplastic
component and significant proportion contains carcinomatous
foci. Lesions with certain features are more prone to have
carcinomatous foci. However there is always a chance of finding
foci of carcinoma in OL anywhere in the oral cavity. Therefore,
excision biopsy is always mandatory before long term follow-up
and treatment is planned. |
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| ISSN: | 2249-782X 0973-709X |