Advanced imaging for risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of mortality, comprising approximately half of all deaths from cardiovascular disease. In the US, the majority of SCD (85%) occurs in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and a subset in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), who tend t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.884767/full |
| _version_ | 1818000166534250496 |
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| author | Eric Xie Eric Sung Eric Sung Elie Saad Natalia Trayanova Natalia Trayanova Katherine C. Wu Jonathan Chrispin |
| author_facet | Eric Xie Eric Sung Eric Sung Elie Saad Natalia Trayanova Natalia Trayanova Katherine C. Wu Jonathan Chrispin |
| author_sort | Eric Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of mortality, comprising approximately half of all deaths from cardiovascular disease. In the US, the majority of SCD (85%) occurs in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and a subset in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), who tend to be younger and whose risk of mortality is less clearly delineated than in ischemic cardiomyopathies. The conventional means of SCD risk stratification has been the determination of the ejection fraction (EF), typically via echocardiography, which is currently a means of determining candidacy for primary prevention in the form of implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs). Advanced cardiac imaging methods such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), and computed tomography (CT) have emerged as promising and non-invasive means of risk stratification for sudden death through their characterization of the underlying myocardial substrate that predisposes to SCD. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on CMR detects myocardial scar, which can inform ICD decision-making. Overall scar burden, region-specific scar burden, and scar heterogeneity have all been studied in risk stratification. PET and SPECT are nuclear methods that determine myocardial viability and innervation, as well as inflammation. CT can be used for assessment of myocardial fat and its association with reentrant circuits. Emerging methodologies include the development of “virtual hearts” using complex electrophysiologic modeling derived from CMR to attempt to predict arrhythmic susceptibility. Recent developments have paired novel machine learning (ML) algorithms with established imaging techniques to improve predictive performance. The use of advanced imaging to augment risk stratification for sudden death is increasingly well-established and may soon have an expanded role in clinical decision-making. ML could help shift this paradigm further by advancing variable discovery and data analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:18:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db75a61dc5724e6b81a3c317e7bb8a41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-055X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:18:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-db75a61dc5724e6b81a3c317e7bb8a412022-12-22T02:15:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2022-08-01910.3389/fcvm.2022.884767884767Advanced imaging for risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac deathEric Xie0Eric Sung1Eric Sung2Elie Saad3Natalia Trayanova4Natalia Trayanova5Katherine C. Wu6Jonathan Chrispin7Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesSudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of mortality, comprising approximately half of all deaths from cardiovascular disease. In the US, the majority of SCD (85%) occurs in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and a subset in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), who tend to be younger and whose risk of mortality is less clearly delineated than in ischemic cardiomyopathies. The conventional means of SCD risk stratification has been the determination of the ejection fraction (EF), typically via echocardiography, which is currently a means of determining candidacy for primary prevention in the form of implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs). Advanced cardiac imaging methods such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), and computed tomography (CT) have emerged as promising and non-invasive means of risk stratification for sudden death through their characterization of the underlying myocardial substrate that predisposes to SCD. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on CMR detects myocardial scar, which can inform ICD decision-making. Overall scar burden, region-specific scar burden, and scar heterogeneity have all been studied in risk stratification. PET and SPECT are nuclear methods that determine myocardial viability and innervation, as well as inflammation. CT can be used for assessment of myocardial fat and its association with reentrant circuits. Emerging methodologies include the development of “virtual hearts” using complex electrophysiologic modeling derived from CMR to attempt to predict arrhythmic susceptibility. Recent developments have paired novel machine learning (ML) algorithms with established imaging techniques to improve predictive performance. The use of advanced imaging to augment risk stratification for sudden death is increasingly well-established and may soon have an expanded role in clinical decision-making. ML could help shift this paradigm further by advancing variable discovery and data analysis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.884767/fullsudden cardiac death (SCD)ventricular arrhythmiascardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)positron emission tomography (PET)single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT)computed tomography |
| spellingShingle | Eric Xie Eric Sung Eric Sung Elie Saad Natalia Trayanova Natalia Trayanova Katherine C. Wu Jonathan Chrispin Advanced imaging for risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine sudden cardiac death (SCD) ventricular arrhythmias cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) positron emission tomography (PET) single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) computed tomography |
| title | Advanced imaging for risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death |
| title_full | Advanced imaging for risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death |
| title_fullStr | Advanced imaging for risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advanced imaging for risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death |
| title_short | Advanced imaging for risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death |
| title_sort | advanced imaging for risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death |
| topic | sudden cardiac death (SCD) ventricular arrhythmias cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) positron emission tomography (PET) single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) computed tomography |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.884767/full |
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