<i>Rana chensinensis</i> Ovum Oil Based on CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Ingredient Analysis
<i>Rana chensinensis</i> ovum oil (RCOO) is an emerging source of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), but it is lacking in green and efficient extraction methods. In this work, using the response surface strategy, we developed a green and efficient CO<sub>2</sub> supercritical fl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-09-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/18/4170 |
| _version_ | 1827706404873437184 |
|---|---|
| author | Yuanshuai Gan Dongliang Xu Jianqiu Zhang Zhongyao Wang Shihan Wang Hongye Guo Kexin Zhang Yajing Li Yongsheng Wang |
| author_facet | Yuanshuai Gan Dongliang Xu Jianqiu Zhang Zhongyao Wang Shihan Wang Hongye Guo Kexin Zhang Yajing Li Yongsheng Wang |
| author_sort | Yuanshuai Gan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Rana chensinensis</i> ovum oil (RCOO) is an emerging source of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), but it is lacking in green and efficient extraction methods. In this work, using the response surface strategy, we developed a green and efficient CO<sub>2</sub> supercritical fluid extraction (CO<sub>2</sub>-SFE) technology for RCOO. The response surface methodology (RSM), based on the Box–Behnken Design (BBD), was used to investigate the influence of four independent factors (pressure, flow, temperature, and time) on the yield of RCOO in the CO<sub>2</sub>-SFE process, and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOP-MS and HPLC were used to identify and analyze the principal UFA components of RCOO. According to the BBD response surface model, the optimal CO<sub>2</sub>-SFE condition of RCOO was pressure 29 MPa, flow 82 L/h, temperature 50 °C, and time 132 min, and the corresponding predicted optimal yield was 13.61%. The actual optimal yield obtained from the model verification was 13.29 ± 0.37%, and the average error with the predicted value was 0.38 ± 0.27%. The six principal UFAs identified in RCOO included eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), linoleic acid (LA), and oleic acid (OA), which were important biologically active ingredients in RCOO. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the yield of these UFAs was closely related to the yield of RCOO (the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9). Therefore, under optimal conditions, the yield of RCOO and principal UFAs always reached the optimal value at the same time. Based on the above results, this work realized the optimization of CO<sub>2</sub>-SFE green extraction process and the confirmation of principal bioactive ingredients of the extract, which laid a foundation for the green production of RCOO. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:23:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db75a9da744d4960a04c8a6d865d9c4a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:23:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-db75a9da744d4960a04c8a6d865d9c4a2023-11-20T13:28:16ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-09-012518417010.3390/molecules25184170<i>Rana chensinensis</i> Ovum Oil Based on CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Ingredient AnalysisYuanshuai Gan0Dongliang Xu1Jianqiu Zhang2Zhongyao Wang3Shihan Wang4Hongye Guo5Kexin Zhang6Yajing Li7Yongsheng Wang8School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, ChinaCollege of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China<i>Rana chensinensis</i> ovum oil (RCOO) is an emerging source of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), but it is lacking in green and efficient extraction methods. In this work, using the response surface strategy, we developed a green and efficient CO<sub>2</sub> supercritical fluid extraction (CO<sub>2</sub>-SFE) technology for RCOO. The response surface methodology (RSM), based on the Box–Behnken Design (BBD), was used to investigate the influence of four independent factors (pressure, flow, temperature, and time) on the yield of RCOO in the CO<sub>2</sub>-SFE process, and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOP-MS and HPLC were used to identify and analyze the principal UFA components of RCOO. According to the BBD response surface model, the optimal CO<sub>2</sub>-SFE condition of RCOO was pressure 29 MPa, flow 82 L/h, temperature 50 °C, and time 132 min, and the corresponding predicted optimal yield was 13.61%. The actual optimal yield obtained from the model verification was 13.29 ± 0.37%, and the average error with the predicted value was 0.38 ± 0.27%. The six principal UFAs identified in RCOO included eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), linoleic acid (LA), and oleic acid (OA), which were important biologically active ingredients in RCOO. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the yield of these UFAs was closely related to the yield of RCOO (the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9). Therefore, under optimal conditions, the yield of RCOO and principal UFAs always reached the optimal value at the same time. Based on the above results, this work realized the optimization of CO<sub>2</sub>-SFE green extraction process and the confirmation of principal bioactive ingredients of the extract, which laid a foundation for the green production of RCOO.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/18/4170supercritical fluid extractionby-product<i>Rana chensinensis</i> ovum oildesign of experimentresponse surface methodologyBox–Behnken design |
| spellingShingle | Yuanshuai Gan Dongliang Xu Jianqiu Zhang Zhongyao Wang Shihan Wang Hongye Guo Kexin Zhang Yajing Li Yongsheng Wang <i>Rana chensinensis</i> Ovum Oil Based on CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Ingredient Analysis Molecules supercritical fluid extraction by-product <i>Rana chensinensis</i> ovum oil design of experiment response surface methodology Box–Behnken design |
| title | <i>Rana chensinensis</i> Ovum Oil Based on CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Ingredient Analysis |
| title_full | <i>Rana chensinensis</i> Ovum Oil Based on CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Ingredient Analysis |
| title_fullStr | <i>Rana chensinensis</i> Ovum Oil Based on CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Ingredient Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Rana chensinensis</i> Ovum Oil Based on CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Ingredient Analysis |
| title_short | <i>Rana chensinensis</i> Ovum Oil Based on CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Ingredient Analysis |
| title_sort | i rana chensinensis i ovum oil based on co sub 2 sub supercritical fluid extraction response surface methodology optimization and unsaturated fatty acid ingredient analysis |
| topic | supercritical fluid extraction by-product <i>Rana chensinensis</i> ovum oil design of experiment response surface methodology Box–Behnken design |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/18/4170 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuanshuaigan iranachensinensisiovumoilbasedoncosub2subsupercriticalfluidextractionresponsesurfacemethodologyoptimizationandunsaturatedfattyacidingredientanalysis AT dongliangxu iranachensinensisiovumoilbasedoncosub2subsupercriticalfluidextractionresponsesurfacemethodologyoptimizationandunsaturatedfattyacidingredientanalysis AT jianqiuzhang iranachensinensisiovumoilbasedoncosub2subsupercriticalfluidextractionresponsesurfacemethodologyoptimizationandunsaturatedfattyacidingredientanalysis AT zhongyaowang iranachensinensisiovumoilbasedoncosub2subsupercriticalfluidextractionresponsesurfacemethodologyoptimizationandunsaturatedfattyacidingredientanalysis AT shihanwang iranachensinensisiovumoilbasedoncosub2subsupercriticalfluidextractionresponsesurfacemethodologyoptimizationandunsaturatedfattyacidingredientanalysis AT hongyeguo iranachensinensisiovumoilbasedoncosub2subsupercriticalfluidextractionresponsesurfacemethodologyoptimizationandunsaturatedfattyacidingredientanalysis AT kexinzhang iranachensinensisiovumoilbasedoncosub2subsupercriticalfluidextractionresponsesurfacemethodologyoptimizationandunsaturatedfattyacidingredientanalysis AT yajingli iranachensinensisiovumoilbasedoncosub2subsupercriticalfluidextractionresponsesurfacemethodologyoptimizationandunsaturatedfattyacidingredientanalysis AT yongshengwang iranachensinensisiovumoilbasedoncosub2subsupercriticalfluidextractionresponsesurfacemethodologyoptimizationandunsaturatedfattyacidingredientanalysis |