Global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated water
Enteric viruses are common waterborne pathogens found in environmental water bodies contaminated with either raw or partially treated sewage discharge. Examples of these viruses include adenovirus, rotavirus, noroviruses, and other caliciviruses and enteroviruses like coxsackievirus and polioviruses...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.981896/full |
| _version_ | 1817995457603829760 |
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| author | Adedayo Ayodeji Lanrewaju Abimbola Motunrayo Enitan-Folami Saheed Sabiu Joshua Nosa Edokpayi Feroz Mahomed Swalaha |
| author_facet | Adedayo Ayodeji Lanrewaju Abimbola Motunrayo Enitan-Folami Saheed Sabiu Joshua Nosa Edokpayi Feroz Mahomed Swalaha |
| author_sort | Adedayo Ayodeji Lanrewaju |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Enteric viruses are common waterborne pathogens found in environmental water bodies contaminated with either raw or partially treated sewage discharge. Examples of these viruses include adenovirus, rotavirus, noroviruses, and other caliciviruses and enteroviruses like coxsackievirus and polioviruses. They have been linked with gastroenteritis, while some enteric viruses have also been implicated in more severe infections such as encephalitis, meningitis, hepatitis (hepatitis A and E viruses), cancer (polyomavirus), and myocarditis (enteroviruses). Therefore, this review presents information on the occurrence of enteric viruses of public health importance, diseases associated with human exposure to enteric viruses, assessment of their presence in contaminated water, and their removal in water and wastewater sources. In order to prevent illnesses associated with human exposure to viral contaminated water, we suggest the regular viral monitoring of treated wastewater before discharging it into the environment. Furthermore, we highlight the need for more research to focus on the development of more holistic disinfection methods that will inactivate waterborne viruses in municipal wastewater discharges, as this is highly needed to curtail the public health effects of human exposure to contaminated water. Moreover, such a method must be devoid of disinfection by-products that have mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:06:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db8013b872544e30bc0cf88ec74d852b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:06:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-db8013b872544e30bc0cf88ec74d852b2022-12-22T02:18:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2022-08-011310.3389/fmicb.2022.981896981896Global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated waterAdedayo Ayodeji Lanrewaju0Abimbola Motunrayo Enitan-Folami1Saheed Sabiu2Joshua Nosa Edokpayi3Feroz Mahomed Swalaha4Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South AfricaDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South AfricaDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South AfricaWater and Environmental Management Research Group, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South AfricaDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South AfricaEnteric viruses are common waterborne pathogens found in environmental water bodies contaminated with either raw or partially treated sewage discharge. Examples of these viruses include adenovirus, rotavirus, noroviruses, and other caliciviruses and enteroviruses like coxsackievirus and polioviruses. They have been linked with gastroenteritis, while some enteric viruses have also been implicated in more severe infections such as encephalitis, meningitis, hepatitis (hepatitis A and E viruses), cancer (polyomavirus), and myocarditis (enteroviruses). Therefore, this review presents information on the occurrence of enteric viruses of public health importance, diseases associated with human exposure to enteric viruses, assessment of their presence in contaminated water, and their removal in water and wastewater sources. In order to prevent illnesses associated with human exposure to viral contaminated water, we suggest the regular viral monitoring of treated wastewater before discharging it into the environment. Furthermore, we highlight the need for more research to focus on the development of more holistic disinfection methods that will inactivate waterborne viruses in municipal wastewater discharges, as this is highly needed to curtail the public health effects of human exposure to contaminated water. Moreover, such a method must be devoid of disinfection by-products that have mutagenic and carcinogenic potential.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.981896/fullenteric virusesgastroenteritisoutbreakwastewaterwastewater-based epidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Adedayo Ayodeji Lanrewaju Abimbola Motunrayo Enitan-Folami Saheed Sabiu Joshua Nosa Edokpayi Feroz Mahomed Swalaha Global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated water Frontiers in Microbiology enteric viruses gastroenteritis outbreak wastewater wastewater-based epidemiology |
| title | Global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated water |
| title_full | Global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated water |
| title_fullStr | Global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated water |
| title_short | Global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated water |
| title_sort | global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated water |
| topic | enteric viruses gastroenteritis outbreak wastewater wastewater-based epidemiology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.981896/full |
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