The Chloroplast Envelope of Angiosperms Contains a Peptidoglycan Layer
Plastids in plants are assumed to have evolved from cyanobacteria as they have maintained several bacterial features. Recently, peptidoglycans, as bacterial cell wall components, have been shown to exist in the envelopes of moss chloroplasts. Phylogenomic comparisons of bacterial and plant genomes h...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/4/563 |
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| author | Xuan Tran Erva Keskin Paul Winkler Marvin Braun Üner Kolukisaoglu |
| author_facet | Xuan Tran Erva Keskin Paul Winkler Marvin Braun Üner Kolukisaoglu |
| author_sort | Xuan Tran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plastids in plants are assumed to have evolved from cyanobacteria as they have maintained several bacterial features. Recently, peptidoglycans, as bacterial cell wall components, have been shown to exist in the envelopes of moss chloroplasts. Phylogenomic comparisons of bacterial and plant genomes have raised the question of whether such structures are also part of chloroplasts in angiosperms. To address this question, we visualized canonical amino acids of peptidoglycan around chloroplasts of <i>Arabidopsis</i> and <i>Nicotiana</i> via click chemistry and fluorescence microscopy. Additional detection by different peptidoglycan-binding proteins from bacteria and animals supported this observation. Further <i>Arabidopsis</i> experiments with D-cycloserine and AtMurE knock-out lines, both affecting putative peptidoglycan biosynthesis, revealed a central role of this pathway in plastid genesis and division. Taken together, these results indicate that peptidoglycans are integral parts of plastids in the whole plant lineage. Elucidating their biosynthesis and further roles in the function of these organelles is yet to be achieved. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:01:22Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:01:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-db8a1cc1e15c481d9f5a50a3dc0e5f6d2023-11-16T19:44:04ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-02-0112456310.3390/cells12040563The Chloroplast Envelope of Angiosperms Contains a Peptidoglycan LayerXuan Tran0Erva Keskin1Paul Winkler2Marvin Braun3Üner Kolukisaoglu4Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyCenter for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyCenter for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyCenter for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyCenter for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyPlastids in plants are assumed to have evolved from cyanobacteria as they have maintained several bacterial features. Recently, peptidoglycans, as bacterial cell wall components, have been shown to exist in the envelopes of moss chloroplasts. Phylogenomic comparisons of bacterial and plant genomes have raised the question of whether such structures are also part of chloroplasts in angiosperms. To address this question, we visualized canonical amino acids of peptidoglycan around chloroplasts of <i>Arabidopsis</i> and <i>Nicotiana</i> via click chemistry and fluorescence microscopy. Additional detection by different peptidoglycan-binding proteins from bacteria and animals supported this observation. Further <i>Arabidopsis</i> experiments with D-cycloserine and AtMurE knock-out lines, both affecting putative peptidoglycan biosynthesis, revealed a central role of this pathway in plastid genesis and division. Taken together, these results indicate that peptidoglycans are integral parts of plastids in the whole plant lineage. Elucidating their biosynthesis and further roles in the function of these organelles is yet to be achieved.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/4/563chloroplastsplant peptidoglycanendosymbiotic theoryclick chemistry |
| spellingShingle | Xuan Tran Erva Keskin Paul Winkler Marvin Braun Üner Kolukisaoglu The Chloroplast Envelope of Angiosperms Contains a Peptidoglycan Layer Cells chloroplasts plant peptidoglycan endosymbiotic theory click chemistry |
| title | The Chloroplast Envelope of Angiosperms Contains a Peptidoglycan Layer |
| title_full | The Chloroplast Envelope of Angiosperms Contains a Peptidoglycan Layer |
| title_fullStr | The Chloroplast Envelope of Angiosperms Contains a Peptidoglycan Layer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Chloroplast Envelope of Angiosperms Contains a Peptidoglycan Layer |
| title_short | The Chloroplast Envelope of Angiosperms Contains a Peptidoglycan Layer |
| title_sort | chloroplast envelope of angiosperms contains a peptidoglycan layer |
| topic | chloroplasts plant peptidoglycan endosymbiotic theory click chemistry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/4/563 |
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