Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pharmaceutical Wastewaters
Pharmaceutical wastewaters are recognized as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and also as hotspots for their horizontal gene transfer (HGT) using mobile genetic elements. Our study employed the use of PCR analysis of metagenomic DNA samples ob...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/13/1731 |
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| author | Amarachukwu Obayiuwana Adeniyi Ogunjobi Abasiofiok Ibekwe |
| author_facet | Amarachukwu Obayiuwana Adeniyi Ogunjobi Abasiofiok Ibekwe |
| author_sort | Amarachukwu Obayiuwana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pharmaceutical wastewaters are recognized as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and also as hotspots for their horizontal gene transfer (HGT) using mobile genetic elements. Our study employed the use of PCR analysis of metagenomic DNA samples obtained from four pharmaceutical wastewaters using known primers to study the prevalence of thirty-six ARGs and four MGEs active against the commonly used antibiotics in Nigeria. The ARGs most frequently detected from the metagenomic DNA samples in each of the antibiotic classes under study include tetracycline [<i>tet</i>(G)], aminoglycoside [<i>aad</i>A, <i>str</i>A and <i>str</i>B], chloramphenicol [<i>cat</i>A1], sulphonamides [<i>sul</i>I and <i>sul</i>II], and β-lactams and penicillins [<i>bla</i><sub>OXA</sub>]. The ARGs showed a 100% prevalence in their various environmental sources. The pharmaceutical facility PFIV showed the highest concentration of ARGs in this study. The highest concentration for MGEs was shown by pharmaceutical facility PFIII, positive for <i>intl</i>1, <i>intl</i>2, and IFS genes. This study highlights the wide distribution of ARGs to the antibiotics tested in the wastewater, making pharmaceutical wastewater reservoirs of ARGs which could potentially be transferred from commensal microorganisms to human pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:10:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db8d53d1f8ce4410b0474636752f1b8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:10:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-db8d53d1f8ce4410b0474636752f1b8c2023-11-22T01:18:04ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-06-011313173110.3390/w13131731Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pharmaceutical WastewatersAmarachukwu Obayiuwana0Adeniyi Ogunjobi1Abasiofiok Ibekwe2Department of Biological Sciences, Augustine University Ilara-Epe, Epe 106101, Lagos State, NigeriaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Oyo State, NigeriaU.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USAPharmaceutical wastewaters are recognized as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and also as hotspots for their horizontal gene transfer (HGT) using mobile genetic elements. Our study employed the use of PCR analysis of metagenomic DNA samples obtained from four pharmaceutical wastewaters using known primers to study the prevalence of thirty-six ARGs and four MGEs active against the commonly used antibiotics in Nigeria. The ARGs most frequently detected from the metagenomic DNA samples in each of the antibiotic classes under study include tetracycline [<i>tet</i>(G)], aminoglycoside [<i>aad</i>A, <i>str</i>A and <i>str</i>B], chloramphenicol [<i>cat</i>A1], sulphonamides [<i>sul</i>I and <i>sul</i>II], and β-lactams and penicillins [<i>bla</i><sub>OXA</sub>]. The ARGs showed a 100% prevalence in their various environmental sources. The pharmaceutical facility PFIV showed the highest concentration of ARGs in this study. The highest concentration for MGEs was shown by pharmaceutical facility PFIII, positive for <i>intl</i>1, <i>intl</i>2, and IFS genes. This study highlights the wide distribution of ARGs to the antibiotics tested in the wastewater, making pharmaceutical wastewater reservoirs of ARGs which could potentially be transferred from commensal microorganisms to human pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/13/1731metagenomicspharmaceutical wastewatermetagenomic DNAAntibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs)mobile genetic elements (MGEs) |
| spellingShingle | Amarachukwu Obayiuwana Adeniyi Ogunjobi Abasiofiok Ibekwe Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pharmaceutical Wastewaters Water metagenomics pharmaceutical wastewater metagenomic DNA Antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) mobile genetic elements (MGEs) |
| title | Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pharmaceutical Wastewaters |
| title_full | Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pharmaceutical Wastewaters |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pharmaceutical Wastewaters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pharmaceutical Wastewaters |
| title_short | Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pharmaceutical Wastewaters |
| title_sort | prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in pharmaceutical wastewaters |
| topic | metagenomics pharmaceutical wastewater metagenomic DNA Antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) mobile genetic elements (MGEs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/13/1731 |
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