The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer?
Despite the fact that the incidence of gastric cancer has declined over the last decade, it is still the world’s leading cause of cancer-related death. The diagnosis of early gastric cancer is difficult, as symptoms of this cancer only manifest at a late stage of cancer progression. Thus, the progno...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/16/3922 |
| _version_ | 1797410991458222080 |
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| author | Asif Sukri Alfizah Hanafiah Nik Ritza Kosai |
| author_facet | Asif Sukri Alfizah Hanafiah Nik Ritza Kosai |
| author_sort | Asif Sukri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the fact that the incidence of gastric cancer has declined over the last decade, it is still the world’s leading cause of cancer-related death. The diagnosis of early gastric cancer is difficult, as symptoms of this cancer only manifest at a late stage of cancer progression. Thus, the prognosis of gastric cancer is poor, and the current treatment for improving patients’ outcomes involves the application of surgery and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is one of the most recent therapies for gastric cancer, whereby the immune system of the host is programmed to combat cancer cells, and the therapy differs based upon the patient’s immune system. However, an understanding of the role of immune cells, namely the cell-mediated immune response and the humoral immune response, is pertinent for applications of immunotherapy. The roles of immune cells in the prognosis of gastric cancer have yielded conflicting results. This review discusses the roles of immune cells in gastric cancer pathogenesis, specifically, T cells, B cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, as well as the evidence presented thus far. Understanding how cancer cells interact with immune cells is of paramount importance in designing treatment options for gastric cancer immunotherapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:38:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-db9e7422b42a419088966831f87c10b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:38:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-db9e7422b42a419088966831f87c10b62023-12-03T13:24:55ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-08-011416392210.3390/cancers14163922The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer?Asif Sukri0Alfizah Hanafiah1Nik Ritza Kosai2Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Shah Alam 43200, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDespite the fact that the incidence of gastric cancer has declined over the last decade, it is still the world’s leading cause of cancer-related death. The diagnosis of early gastric cancer is difficult, as symptoms of this cancer only manifest at a late stage of cancer progression. Thus, the prognosis of gastric cancer is poor, and the current treatment for improving patients’ outcomes involves the application of surgery and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is one of the most recent therapies for gastric cancer, whereby the immune system of the host is programmed to combat cancer cells, and the therapy differs based upon the patient’s immune system. However, an understanding of the role of immune cells, namely the cell-mediated immune response and the humoral immune response, is pertinent for applications of immunotherapy. The roles of immune cells in the prognosis of gastric cancer have yielded conflicting results. This review discusses the roles of immune cells in gastric cancer pathogenesis, specifically, T cells, B cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, as well as the evidence presented thus far. Understanding how cancer cells interact with immune cells is of paramount importance in designing treatment options for gastric cancer immunotherapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/16/3922gastric cancerimmune cellsimmune responseT cellsB cellsmacrophages |
| spellingShingle | Asif Sukri Alfizah Hanafiah Nik Ritza Kosai The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer? Cancers gastric cancer immune cells immune response T cells B cells macrophages |
| title | The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer? |
| title_full | The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer? |
| title_fullStr | The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer? |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer? |
| title_short | The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer? |
| title_sort | roles of immune cells in gastric cancer anti cancer or pro cancer |
| topic | gastric cancer immune cells immune response T cells B cells macrophages |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/16/3922 |
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