Ophthalmomyiasis Externa and Importance of Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis: Review of the Medical Literature
Objective: This review aims to describe and compare the risk factors, clinical course, diagnosis, and parasitologic features of external ophthalmomyiasis. We also discuss the different preventive measures and the effect of global warming in a large case series reported from January 2000 to December...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/11/4/180 |
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| author | Hugo Martinez-Rojano Herón Huerta Reyna Sámano Gabriela Chico-Barba Jennifer Mier-Cabrera Estibeyesbo Said Plascencia-Nieto |
| author_facet | Hugo Martinez-Rojano Herón Huerta Reyna Sámano Gabriela Chico-Barba Jennifer Mier-Cabrera Estibeyesbo Said Plascencia-Nieto |
| author_sort | Hugo Martinez-Rojano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: This review aims to describe and compare the risk factors, clinical course, diagnosis, and parasitologic features of external ophthalmomyiasis. We also discuss the different preventive measures and the effect of global warming in a large case series reported from January 2000 to December 2022. Methods: We perform a literature review of reported cases of external ophthalmomyiasis to determine the clinical characteristics, therapeutic management, and information on the organisms that most commonly cause external ophthalmomyiasis. Results: A total of 312 cases of external ophthalmomyiasis were recorded. The most common causative organism was <i>Oestrus ovis</i> (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Oestridae), accounting for 72.1% of cases, followed by <i>Dermatobia hominis</i> (Linnaeus Jr. in Pallas, 1781) (Diptera: Oestridae) at 5.4%, <i>Lucilia sericata</i> (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at 0.96%, and <i>Chrysomyia bezziana</i> (Villeneuve) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at 0.96%. Before experiencing symptoms, 43.6% of cases reported having direct contact with flies or being hit in the eye, 33% reported no associated risk factors, 9.3% reported living with sheep and goats, and 7.7% reported a history of foreign objects entering the eye. The most common symptoms for those affected by <i>O. ovis</i> were sudden onset, including a foreign body sensation and movement, redness, tearing, itching, swelling, irritation, photophobia, burning, and ocular secretion. In cases caused by <i>D. hominis</i>, symptoms included eyelid edema, pain, redness, itching, movement within the lesion, ocular irritation, and discharge. Regarding occupational or recreational activity, agriculture, and livestock had the highest incidence, followed by trades and technical activities, being a student, and having traveled to an endemic region for work or recreation. Conclusion: Patients with red eyes may suffer from external ophthalmomyiasis, which requires a thorough examination to diagnose and treat it early. Moreover, as the temperature increases due to climate change, it is essential to consider how this will affect the spread of different pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:51:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dba1b4c1aee7481dbd038e31d729a157 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9721 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:51:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-dba1b4c1aee7481dbd038e31d729a1572023-12-22T14:03:38ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212023-12-0111418010.3390/diseases11040180Ophthalmomyiasis Externa and Importance of Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis: Review of the Medical LiteratureHugo Martinez-Rojano0Herón Huerta1Reyna Sámano2Gabriela Chico-Barba3Jennifer Mier-Cabrera4Estibeyesbo Said Plascencia-Nieto5Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, MexicoLaboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177, Colonia Unidad Lomas de Plateros, Ciudad de México 01480, MexicoDepartamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, MexicoDepartamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, MexicoDepartamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, MexicoSección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, MexicoObjective: This review aims to describe and compare the risk factors, clinical course, diagnosis, and parasitologic features of external ophthalmomyiasis. We also discuss the different preventive measures and the effect of global warming in a large case series reported from January 2000 to December 2022. Methods: We perform a literature review of reported cases of external ophthalmomyiasis to determine the clinical characteristics, therapeutic management, and information on the organisms that most commonly cause external ophthalmomyiasis. Results: A total of 312 cases of external ophthalmomyiasis were recorded. The most common causative organism was <i>Oestrus ovis</i> (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Oestridae), accounting for 72.1% of cases, followed by <i>Dermatobia hominis</i> (Linnaeus Jr. in Pallas, 1781) (Diptera: Oestridae) at 5.4%, <i>Lucilia sericata</i> (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at 0.96%, and <i>Chrysomyia bezziana</i> (Villeneuve) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at 0.96%. Before experiencing symptoms, 43.6% of cases reported having direct contact with flies or being hit in the eye, 33% reported no associated risk factors, 9.3% reported living with sheep and goats, and 7.7% reported a history of foreign objects entering the eye. The most common symptoms for those affected by <i>O. ovis</i> were sudden onset, including a foreign body sensation and movement, redness, tearing, itching, swelling, irritation, photophobia, burning, and ocular secretion. In cases caused by <i>D. hominis</i>, symptoms included eyelid edema, pain, redness, itching, movement within the lesion, ocular irritation, and discharge. Regarding occupational or recreational activity, agriculture, and livestock had the highest incidence, followed by trades and technical activities, being a student, and having traveled to an endemic region for work or recreation. Conclusion: Patients with red eyes may suffer from external ophthalmomyiasis, which requires a thorough examination to diagnose and treat it early. Moreover, as the temperature increases due to climate change, it is essential to consider how this will affect the spread of different pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/11/4/180external ophthalmomyiasis<i>Oestrus ovis</i><i>Dermatobia hominis</i>conjunctival myiasisexternal ocular myiasisglobal warming |
| spellingShingle | Hugo Martinez-Rojano Herón Huerta Reyna Sámano Gabriela Chico-Barba Jennifer Mier-Cabrera Estibeyesbo Said Plascencia-Nieto Ophthalmomyiasis Externa and Importance of Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis: Review of the Medical Literature Diseases external ophthalmomyiasis <i>Oestrus ovis</i> <i>Dermatobia hominis</i> conjunctival myiasis external ocular myiasis global warming |
| title | Ophthalmomyiasis Externa and Importance of Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis: Review of the Medical Literature |
| title_full | Ophthalmomyiasis Externa and Importance of Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis: Review of the Medical Literature |
| title_fullStr | Ophthalmomyiasis Externa and Importance of Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis: Review of the Medical Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ophthalmomyiasis Externa and Importance of Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis: Review of the Medical Literature |
| title_short | Ophthalmomyiasis Externa and Importance of Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis: Review of the Medical Literature |
| title_sort | ophthalmomyiasis externa and importance of risk factors clinical manifestations and diagnosis review of the medical literature |
| topic | external ophthalmomyiasis <i>Oestrus ovis</i> <i>Dermatobia hominis</i> conjunctival myiasis external ocular myiasis global warming |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/11/4/180 |
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