Cocaine use and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium
Abstract Background Cocaine is an illegal recreational drug used worldwide, yet little is known about whether cocaine inhalation (smoking/snorting) increases the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods The analyses were conducted by pooling data from three case–control studies with 1639 cases an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Cancer Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.7019 |
| _version_ | 1797217000333770752 |
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| author | Mingyan Zhang Chu Chen Guojun Li Alzina Koric Yuan‐Chin Amy Lee Hal Morgenstern Stephen M. Schwartz Erich M. Sturgis Paolo Boffetta Mia Hashibe Zuo‐Feng Zhang |
| author_facet | Mingyan Zhang Chu Chen Guojun Li Alzina Koric Yuan‐Chin Amy Lee Hal Morgenstern Stephen M. Schwartz Erich M. Sturgis Paolo Boffetta Mia Hashibe Zuo‐Feng Zhang |
| author_sort | Mingyan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Cocaine is an illegal recreational drug used worldwide, yet little is known about whether cocaine inhalation (smoking/snorting) increases the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods The analyses were conducted by pooling data from three case–control studies with 1639 cases and 2506 controls from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Epidemiologic data, including cocaine use histories, were obtained in face‐to‐face interviews. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using hierarchical logistic regression models. Results Controlling for cumulative tobacco and alcohol use, we observed a weak positive association between cocaine use and HNC (ORever vs. never = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.90). In stratified analysis, while we did not detect associations among never tobacco or alcohol users due to the limited sample size, the association with cocaine use was observed among tobacco users and alcohol drinkers. ORs for ever and high cumulative use (>18 times) versus never use were 1.40 (95% CI: 0.98, 2.00) and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.69) among tobacco users, and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.92) and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.51) among alcohol drinkers, respectively. Conclusion In this pooled analysis, we observed a weak positive association between cocaine inhalation and HNC risk. Our findings provide preliminary evidence of the potential carcinogenic effect of cocaine on HNC. Because of study limitations, including limited number of cocaine users, confounding, and heterogeneity across studies, future investigations will require larger studies with more detailed information on cocaine use history. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:44:01Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7634 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:54:54Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancer Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-dba485a7196840a28cc3bedcf798fdcc2024-04-09T05:45:47ZengWileyCancer Medicine2045-76342024-02-01133n/an/a10.1002/cam4.7019Cocaine use and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology ConsortiumMingyan Zhang0Chu Chen1Guojun Li2Alzina Koric3Yuan‐Chin Amy Lee4Hal Morgenstern5Stephen M. Schwartz6Erich M. Sturgis7Paolo Boffetta8Mia Hashibe9Zuo‐Feng Zhang10Department of Epidemiology UCLA Fielding School of Public Health Los Angeles California USAProgram in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Seattle Washington USADepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USADivision of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute Salt Lake City Utah USADivision of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute Salt Lake City Utah USADepartments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Department of Urology, Medical School University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USAProgram in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Seattle Washington USADepartment of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USAStony Brook Cancer Center, Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USADivision of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute Salt Lake City Utah USADepartment of Epidemiology UCLA Fielding School of Public Health Los Angeles California USAAbstract Background Cocaine is an illegal recreational drug used worldwide, yet little is known about whether cocaine inhalation (smoking/snorting) increases the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods The analyses were conducted by pooling data from three case–control studies with 1639 cases and 2506 controls from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Epidemiologic data, including cocaine use histories, were obtained in face‐to‐face interviews. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using hierarchical logistic regression models. Results Controlling for cumulative tobacco and alcohol use, we observed a weak positive association between cocaine use and HNC (ORever vs. never = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.90). In stratified analysis, while we did not detect associations among never tobacco or alcohol users due to the limited sample size, the association with cocaine use was observed among tobacco users and alcohol drinkers. ORs for ever and high cumulative use (>18 times) versus never use were 1.40 (95% CI: 0.98, 2.00) and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.69) among tobacco users, and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.92) and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.51) among alcohol drinkers, respectively. Conclusion In this pooled analysis, we observed a weak positive association between cocaine inhalation and HNC risk. Our findings provide preliminary evidence of the potential carcinogenic effect of cocaine on HNC. Because of study limitations, including limited number of cocaine users, confounding, and heterogeneity across studies, future investigations will require larger studies with more detailed information on cocaine use history.https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.7019cancer preventioncocaine inhalationdrug usehead and neck cancer |
| spellingShingle | Mingyan Zhang Chu Chen Guojun Li Alzina Koric Yuan‐Chin Amy Lee Hal Morgenstern Stephen M. Schwartz Erich M. Sturgis Paolo Boffetta Mia Hashibe Zuo‐Feng Zhang Cocaine use and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium Cancer Medicine cancer prevention cocaine inhalation drug use head and neck cancer |
| title | Cocaine use and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium |
| title_full | Cocaine use and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium |
| title_fullStr | Cocaine use and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cocaine use and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium |
| title_short | Cocaine use and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium |
| title_sort | cocaine use and head and neck cancer risk a pooled analysis in the international head and neck cancer epidemiology consortium |
| topic | cancer prevention cocaine inhalation drug use head and neck cancer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.7019 |
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