Do black holes create polyamory?
Abstract Of course not, but if one believes that information cannot be destroyed in a theory of quantum gravity, then we run into apparent contradictions with quantum theory when we consider evaporating black holes. Namely that the no-cloning theorem or the principle of entanglement monogamy is viol...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of High Energy Physics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP11(2018)045 |
| _version_ | 1818137958902923264 |
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| author | Andrzej Grudka Michael J. W. Hall Michał Horodecki Ryszard Horodecki Jonathan Oppenheim John A. Smolin |
| author_facet | Andrzej Grudka Michael J. W. Hall Michał Horodecki Ryszard Horodecki Jonathan Oppenheim John A. Smolin |
| author_sort | Andrzej Grudka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Of course not, but if one believes that information cannot be destroyed in a theory of quantum gravity, then we run into apparent contradictions with quantum theory when we consider evaporating black holes. Namely that the no-cloning theorem or the principle of entanglement monogamy is violated. Here, we show that neither violation need hold, since, in arguing that black holes lead to cloning or non-monogamy, one needs to assume a tensor product structure between two points in space-time that could instead be viewed as causally connected. In the latter case, one is violating the semi-classical causal structure of space, which is a strictly weaker implication than cloning or non-monogamy. This is because both cloning and non-monogamy also lead to a break-down of the semi-classical causal structure. We show that the lack of monogamy that can emerge in evaporating space times is one that is allowed in quantum mechanics, and is very naturally related to a lack of monogamy of correlations of outputs of measurements performed at subsequent instances of time of a single system. This is due to an interesting duality between temporal correlations and entanglement. A particular example of this is the Horowitz-Maldacena proposal, and we argue that it needn’t lead to cloning or violations of entanglement monogamy. For measurements on systems which appear to be leaving a black hole, we introduce the notion of the temporal product, and argue that it is just as natural a choice for measurements as the tensor product. For black holes, the tensor and temporal products have the same measurement statistics, but result in different type of non-monogamy of correlations, with the former being forbidden in quantum theory while the latter is allowed. In the case of the AMPS firewall experiment we find that the entanglement structure is modified, and one must have entanglement between the infalling Hawking partners and early time outgoing Hawking radiation which surprisingly tames the violation of entanglement monogamy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T10:04:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dba64317544f4bf8b92ab0aa1461da87 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1029-8479 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T10:04:35Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of High Energy Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-dba64317544f4bf8b92ab0aa1461da872022-12-22T01:12:01ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792018-11-0120181112510.1007/JHEP11(2018)045Do black holes create polyamory?Andrzej Grudka0Michael J. W. Hall1Michał Horodecki2Ryszard Horodecki3Jonathan Oppenheim4John A. Smolin5Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz UniversityCentre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith UniversityInstitute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, National Quantum Information Centre, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of GdańskInstitute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, National Quantum Information Centre, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of GdańskDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College of LondonIBM T.J. Watson Research CenterAbstract Of course not, but if one believes that information cannot be destroyed in a theory of quantum gravity, then we run into apparent contradictions with quantum theory when we consider evaporating black holes. Namely that the no-cloning theorem or the principle of entanglement monogamy is violated. Here, we show that neither violation need hold, since, in arguing that black holes lead to cloning or non-monogamy, one needs to assume a tensor product structure between two points in space-time that could instead be viewed as causally connected. In the latter case, one is violating the semi-classical causal structure of space, which is a strictly weaker implication than cloning or non-monogamy. This is because both cloning and non-monogamy also lead to a break-down of the semi-classical causal structure. We show that the lack of monogamy that can emerge in evaporating space times is one that is allowed in quantum mechanics, and is very naturally related to a lack of monogamy of correlations of outputs of measurements performed at subsequent instances of time of a single system. This is due to an interesting duality between temporal correlations and entanglement. A particular example of this is the Horowitz-Maldacena proposal, and we argue that it needn’t lead to cloning or violations of entanglement monogamy. For measurements on systems which appear to be leaving a black hole, we introduce the notion of the temporal product, and argue that it is just as natural a choice for measurements as the tensor product. For black holes, the tensor and temporal products have the same measurement statistics, but result in different type of non-monogamy of correlations, with the former being forbidden in quantum theory while the latter is allowed. In the case of the AMPS firewall experiment we find that the entanglement structure is modified, and one must have entanglement between the infalling Hawking partners and early time outgoing Hawking radiation which surprisingly tames the violation of entanglement monogamy.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP11(2018)045Black HolesSpacetime Singularities |
| spellingShingle | Andrzej Grudka Michael J. W. Hall Michał Horodecki Ryszard Horodecki Jonathan Oppenheim John A. Smolin Do black holes create polyamory? Journal of High Energy Physics Black Holes Spacetime Singularities |
| title | Do black holes create polyamory? |
| title_full | Do black holes create polyamory? |
| title_fullStr | Do black holes create polyamory? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Do black holes create polyamory? |
| title_short | Do black holes create polyamory? |
| title_sort | do black holes create polyamory |
| topic | Black Holes Spacetime Singularities |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP11(2018)045 |
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