Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of the Long Term Operated Puddle Iron from the Eiffel Bridge
The paper summarises an experimental study on the fatigue crack propagation and cracks paths in ancient steel—19th-century puddle iron from the Eiffel bridge. The tests were performed with the load R-ratio equal to 0.05 and 0.5. All tests were performed under different notch inclinations (...
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MDPI AG
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/9/1/53 |
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| author | Grzegorz Lesiuk José A. F. O. Correia Michał Smolnicki Abílio M. P. De Jesus Monika Duda Pedro A. Montenegro Rui A. B. Calcada |
| author_facet | Grzegorz Lesiuk José A. F. O. Correia Michał Smolnicki Abílio M. P. De Jesus Monika Duda Pedro A. Montenegro Rui A. B. Calcada |
| author_sort | Grzegorz Lesiuk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The paper summarises an experimental study on the fatigue crack propagation and cracks paths in ancient steel—19th-century puddle iron from the Eiffel bridge. The tests were performed with the load R-ratio equal to 0.05 and 0.5. All tests were performed under different notch inclinations (mode I + II). The fatigue crack growth rate in the tested material is significantly higher than its “modern” equivalent—low carbon mild steel. The crack closure phenomenon occurs in specimens during the process of crack growth. Understanding this aspect is crucial for the examination of a stress R-ratio influence on kinetic fatigue fracture diagram (KFFD) description. Both the experimental and numerical approach, using the HP VEE environment, has been applied to the crack closure as well as the crack opening forces’ estimation. These analyses are based on the deformation of the hysteresis loop. The algorithm that was implemented in the numerical environment is promising when it comes to describing the kinetics of fatigue crack growth (taking into consideration the crack closure effect) in old metallic materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:23:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dba9f89e173d47be8ef0ba3abc46e009 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:23:40Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-dba9f89e173d47be8ef0ba3abc46e0092022-12-22T03:08:42ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012019-01-01915310.3390/met9010053met9010053Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of the Long Term Operated Puddle Iron from the Eiffel BridgeGrzegorz Lesiuk0José A. F. O. Correia1Michał Smolnicki2Abílio M. P. De Jesus3Monika Duda4Pedro A. Montenegro5Rui A. B. Calcada6Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Materials Science and Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, PL-50370 Wrocław, PolandFaculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto, PT-4200-464 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Materials Science and Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, PL-50370 Wrocław, PolandFaculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto, PT-4200-464 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Materials Science and Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, PL-50370 Wrocław, PolandFaculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto, PT-4200-464 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto, PT-4200-464 Porto, PortugalThe paper summarises an experimental study on the fatigue crack propagation and cracks paths in ancient steel—19th-century puddle iron from the Eiffel bridge. The tests were performed with the load R-ratio equal to 0.05 and 0.5. All tests were performed under different notch inclinations (mode I + II). The fatigue crack growth rate in the tested material is significantly higher than its “modern” equivalent—low carbon mild steel. The crack closure phenomenon occurs in specimens during the process of crack growth. Understanding this aspect is crucial for the examination of a stress R-ratio influence on kinetic fatigue fracture diagram (KFFD) description. Both the experimental and numerical approach, using the HP VEE environment, has been applied to the crack closure as well as the crack opening forces’ estimation. These analyses are based on the deformation of the hysteresis loop. The algorithm that was implemented in the numerical environment is promising when it comes to describing the kinetics of fatigue crack growth (taking into consideration the crack closure effect) in old metallic materials.http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/9/1/53puddle/wrought ironfatigue crack propagationmixed-mode loadingold steelmicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Grzegorz Lesiuk José A. F. O. Correia Michał Smolnicki Abílio M. P. De Jesus Monika Duda Pedro A. Montenegro Rui A. B. Calcada Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of the Long Term Operated Puddle Iron from the Eiffel Bridge Metals puddle/wrought iron fatigue crack propagation mixed-mode loading old steel microstructure |
| title | Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of the Long Term Operated Puddle Iron from the Eiffel Bridge |
| title_full | Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of the Long Term Operated Puddle Iron from the Eiffel Bridge |
| title_fullStr | Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of the Long Term Operated Puddle Iron from the Eiffel Bridge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of the Long Term Operated Puddle Iron from the Eiffel Bridge |
| title_short | Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of the Long Term Operated Puddle Iron from the Eiffel Bridge |
| title_sort | fatigue crack growth rate of the long term operated puddle iron from the eiffel bridge |
| topic | puddle/wrought iron fatigue crack propagation mixed-mode loading old steel microstructure |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/9/1/53 |
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