Nuclear receptors and clearance of apoptotic cells: stimulating the macrophage’s appetite
Clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages occurs as a coordinated process to ensure tissue homeostasis. Macrophages play a dual role in this process; first, a rapid and efficient phagocytosis of the dying cells is needed to eliminate uncleared corpses that can promote inflammation. Second, after e...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00211/full |
| _version_ | 1818023101413195776 |
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| author | Noelia eAlonso-Gonzalez Andrés eHidalgo |
| author_facet | Noelia eAlonso-Gonzalez Andrés eHidalgo |
| author_sort | Noelia eAlonso-Gonzalez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages occurs as a coordinated process to ensure tissue homeostasis. Macrophages play a dual role in this process; first, a rapid and efficient phagocytosis of the dying cells is needed to eliminate uncleared corpses that can promote inflammation. Second, after engulfment, macrophages exhibit an anti-inflammatory phenotype, to avoid unwanted immune reactions against cell components. Several nuclear receptors, including LXR and PPAR, have been linked to these two important features of macrophages during apoptotic cell clearance. This review outlines the emerging implications of nuclear receptors in the response of macrophages to cell clearance. These include activation of genes implicated in metabolism, to process the additional cellular content provided by the engulfed cells, as well as inflammatory genes, to maintain apoptotic cell clearance as an immunologically silent process. Remarkably, genes encoding receptors for the so-called eat me signals are also regulated by activated nuclear receptors after phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, thus enhancing the efficiency of macrophages to clear dead cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T03:38:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dbaa558df18d4ecf9a4a085e9943f792 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T03:38:58Z |
| publishDate | 2014-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-dbaa558df18d4ecf9a4a085e9943f7922022-12-22T02:03:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242014-05-01510.3389/fimmu.2014.0021187894Nuclear receptors and clearance of apoptotic cells: stimulating the macrophage’s appetiteNoelia eAlonso-Gonzalez0Andrés eHidalgo1Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNICFundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNICClearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages occurs as a coordinated process to ensure tissue homeostasis. Macrophages play a dual role in this process; first, a rapid and efficient phagocytosis of the dying cells is needed to eliminate uncleared corpses that can promote inflammation. Second, after engulfment, macrophages exhibit an anti-inflammatory phenotype, to avoid unwanted immune reactions against cell components. Several nuclear receptors, including LXR and PPAR, have been linked to these two important features of macrophages during apoptotic cell clearance. This review outlines the emerging implications of nuclear receptors in the response of macrophages to cell clearance. These include activation of genes implicated in metabolism, to process the additional cellular content provided by the engulfed cells, as well as inflammatory genes, to maintain apoptotic cell clearance as an immunologically silent process. Remarkably, genes encoding receptors for the so-called eat me signals are also regulated by activated nuclear receptors after phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, thus enhancing the efficiency of macrophages to clear dead cells.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00211/fullInflammationMacrophagesNuclear Receptorsliver X receptorsapoptotic cell clearance |
| spellingShingle | Noelia eAlonso-Gonzalez Andrés eHidalgo Nuclear receptors and clearance of apoptotic cells: stimulating the macrophage’s appetite Frontiers in Immunology Inflammation Macrophages Nuclear Receptors liver X receptors apoptotic cell clearance |
| title | Nuclear receptors and clearance of apoptotic cells: stimulating the macrophage’s appetite |
| title_full | Nuclear receptors and clearance of apoptotic cells: stimulating the macrophage’s appetite |
| title_fullStr | Nuclear receptors and clearance of apoptotic cells: stimulating the macrophage’s appetite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nuclear receptors and clearance of apoptotic cells: stimulating the macrophage’s appetite |
| title_short | Nuclear receptors and clearance of apoptotic cells: stimulating the macrophage’s appetite |
| title_sort | nuclear receptors and clearance of apoptotic cells stimulating the macrophage s appetite |
| topic | Inflammation Macrophages Nuclear Receptors liver X receptors apoptotic cell clearance |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00211/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT noeliaealonsogonzalez nuclearreceptorsandclearanceofapoptoticcellsstimulatingthemacrophagesappetite AT andresehidalgo nuclearreceptorsandclearanceofapoptoticcellsstimulatingthemacrophagesappetite |