Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed Review
Machining operations are very common for the production of auto parts, i.e., connecting rods, crankshafts, etc. In machining, the use of cutting oil is very necessary, but it leads to higher machining costs and environmental problems. About 17% of the cost of any product is associated with cutting f...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/18/5162 |
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| author | Kashif Ishfaq Irfan Anjum Catalin Iulian Pruncu Muhammad Amjad M. Saravana Kumar Muhammad Asad Maqsood |
| author_facet | Kashif Ishfaq Irfan Anjum Catalin Iulian Pruncu Muhammad Amjad M. Saravana Kumar Muhammad Asad Maqsood |
| author_sort | Kashif Ishfaq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Machining operations are very common for the production of auto parts, i.e., connecting rods, crankshafts, etc. In machining, the use of cutting oil is very necessary, but it leads to higher machining costs and environmental problems. About 17% of the cost of any product is associated with cutting fluid, and about 80% of skin diseases are due to mist and fumes generated by cutting oils. Environmental legislation and operators’ safety demand the minimal use of cutting fluid and proper disposal of used cutting oil. The disposal cost is huge, about two times higher than the machining cost. To improve occupational health and safety and the reduction of product costs, companies are moving towards sustainable manufacturing. Therefore, this review article emphasizes the sustainable machining aspects of steel by employing techniques that require the minimal use of cutting oils, i.e., minimum quantity lubrication, and other efficient techniques like cryogenic cooling, dry cutting, solid lubricants, air/vapor/gas cooling, and cryogenic treatment. Cryogenic treatment on tools and the use of vegetable oils or biodegradable oils instead of mineral oils are used as primary techniques to enhance the overall part quality, which leads to longer tool life with no negative impacts on the environment. To further help the manufacturing community in progressing towards industry 4.0 and obtaining net-zero emissions, in this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the recent, state of the art sustainable techniques used for machining steel materials/components by which the industry can massively improve their product quality and production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:30:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dbb50ed04a0e420a81169f6df6d82c3f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:30:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-dbb50ed04a0e420a81169f6df6d82c3f2023-11-22T13:59:45ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-09-011418516210.3390/ma14185162Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed ReviewKashif Ishfaq0Irfan Anjum1Catalin Iulian Pruncu2Muhammad Amjad3M. Saravana Kumar4Muhammad Asad Maqsood5Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore 548900, PakistanDepartment of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore 548900, PakistanDesign, Manufacturing & Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Scotland, UKDepartment of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore 548900, PakistanDepartment of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore 548900, PakistanMachining operations are very common for the production of auto parts, i.e., connecting rods, crankshafts, etc. In machining, the use of cutting oil is very necessary, but it leads to higher machining costs and environmental problems. About 17% of the cost of any product is associated with cutting fluid, and about 80% of skin diseases are due to mist and fumes generated by cutting oils. Environmental legislation and operators’ safety demand the minimal use of cutting fluid and proper disposal of used cutting oil. The disposal cost is huge, about two times higher than the machining cost. To improve occupational health and safety and the reduction of product costs, companies are moving towards sustainable manufacturing. Therefore, this review article emphasizes the sustainable machining aspects of steel by employing techniques that require the minimal use of cutting oils, i.e., minimum quantity lubrication, and other efficient techniques like cryogenic cooling, dry cutting, solid lubricants, air/vapor/gas cooling, and cryogenic treatment. Cryogenic treatment on tools and the use of vegetable oils or biodegradable oils instead of mineral oils are used as primary techniques to enhance the overall part quality, which leads to longer tool life with no negative impacts on the environment. To further help the manufacturing community in progressing towards industry 4.0 and obtaining net-zero emissions, in this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the recent, state of the art sustainable techniques used for machining steel materials/components by which the industry can massively improve their product quality and production.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/18/5162sustainable manufacturingminimum quantity lubricationcryogenic machiningsolid lubricantsvegetable oilssteels |
| spellingShingle | Kashif Ishfaq Irfan Anjum Catalin Iulian Pruncu Muhammad Amjad M. Saravana Kumar Muhammad Asad Maqsood Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed Review Materials sustainable manufacturing minimum quantity lubrication cryogenic machining solid lubricants vegetable oils steels |
| title | Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed Review |
| title_full | Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed Review |
| title_fullStr | Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed Review |
| title_short | Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed Review |
| title_sort | progressing towards sustainable machining of steels a detailed review |
| topic | sustainable manufacturing minimum quantity lubrication cryogenic machining solid lubricants vegetable oils steels |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/18/5162 |
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