Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets
Swallowing problems and the required dose adaptations needed to obtain optimal pharmacotherapy may be a hurdle in the use of tablets in daily clinical practice. Tablet splitting, crushing, or grinding is often applied to personalise medication, especially for the elderly and children. In this study,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| 格式: | 文件 |
| 语言: | English |
| 出版: |
MDPI AG
2022-01-01
|
| 丛编: | Pharmaceutics |
| 主题: | |
| 在线阅读: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/320 |
| _version_ | 1827653323267768320 |
|---|---|
| author | Herman J. Woerdenbag J. Carolina Visser Marlyn P. A. M. Leferink op Reinink Roël R. van Orsoy Anko C. Eissens Paul Hagedoorn Hilda Dijkstra Derk P. Allersma Shi W. Ng Oscar S. N. M. Smeets Henderik W. Frijlink |
| author_facet | Herman J. Woerdenbag J. Carolina Visser Marlyn P. A. M. Leferink op Reinink Roël R. van Orsoy Anko C. Eissens Paul Hagedoorn Hilda Dijkstra Derk P. Allersma Shi W. Ng Oscar S. N. M. Smeets Henderik W. Frijlink |
| author_sort | Herman J. Woerdenbag |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Swallowing problems and the required dose adaptations needed to obtain optimal pharmacotherapy may be a hurdle in the use of tablets in daily clinical practice. Tablet splitting, crushing, or grinding is often applied to personalise medication, especially for the elderly and children. In this study, the performance of different types of (commercially available) devices was studied. Included were splitters, screwcap crushers, manual grinders, and electric grinders. Unscored tablets without active ingredient were prepared, with a diameter of 9 and 13 mm and a hardness of 100–220 N. Tablets were split into two parts and the difference in weight was measured. The time needed to pulverise the tablets (crush time) was recorded. The residue remaining in the device (loss) was measured. The powder was sieved to obtain a particle fraction >600 µm and <600 µm. The median particle size and particle size distribution of the later fraction were determined using laser diffraction analysis. Splitting tablets into two equal parts appeared to be difficult with the devices tested. Most screwcap grinders yielded a coarse powder containing larger chunks. Manual and especially electric grinders produced a finer powder, making it suitable for administration via an enteral feeding tube as well as for use in individualised preparations such as capsules. In conclusion, for domestic and incidental use, a screwcap crusher may provide sufficient size reduction, while for the more demanding regular use in hospitals and nursing residences, a manual or electric grinder is preferred. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:15:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dbd3414b4f1148b4a0ffc85df18a027f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:15:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-dbd3414b4f1148b4a0ffc85df18a027f2023-11-23T21:37:20ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-01-0114232010.3390/pharmaceutics14020320Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with TabletsHerman J. Woerdenbag0J. Carolina Visser1Marlyn P. A. M. Leferink op Reinink2Roël R. van Orsoy3Anko C. Eissens4Paul Hagedoorn5Hilda Dijkstra6Derk P. Allersma7Shi W. Ng8Oscar S. N. M. Smeets9Henderik W. Frijlink10Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The NetherlandsRoyal Dutch Pharmacists Association (KNMP), Alexanderstraat 11, 2514 JL The Hague, The NetherlandsRoyal Dutch Pharmacists Association (KNMP), Alexanderstraat 11, 2514 JL The Hague, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The NetherlandsSwallowing problems and the required dose adaptations needed to obtain optimal pharmacotherapy may be a hurdle in the use of tablets in daily clinical practice. Tablet splitting, crushing, or grinding is often applied to personalise medication, especially for the elderly and children. In this study, the performance of different types of (commercially available) devices was studied. Included were splitters, screwcap crushers, manual grinders, and electric grinders. Unscored tablets without active ingredient were prepared, with a diameter of 9 and 13 mm and a hardness of 100–220 N. Tablets were split into two parts and the difference in weight was measured. The time needed to pulverise the tablets (crush time) was recorded. The residue remaining in the device (loss) was measured. The powder was sieved to obtain a particle fraction >600 µm and <600 µm. The median particle size and particle size distribution of the later fraction were determined using laser diffraction analysis. Splitting tablets into two equal parts appeared to be difficult with the devices tested. Most screwcap grinders yielded a coarse powder containing larger chunks. Manual and especially electric grinders produced a finer powder, making it suitable for administration via an enteral feeding tube as well as for use in individualised preparations such as capsules. In conclusion, for domestic and incidental use, a screwcap crusher may provide sufficient size reduction, while for the more demanding regular use in hospitals and nursing residences, a manual or electric grinder is preferred.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/320oral solid dosage formstablet splittingtablet crushingtablet grindingpersonalised medicineswallowing problems |
| spellingShingle | Herman J. Woerdenbag J. Carolina Visser Marlyn P. A. M. Leferink op Reinink Roël R. van Orsoy Anko C. Eissens Paul Hagedoorn Hilda Dijkstra Derk P. Allersma Shi W. Ng Oscar S. N. M. Smeets Henderik W. Frijlink Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets Pharmaceutics oral solid dosage forms tablet splitting tablet crushing tablet grinding personalised medicine swallowing problems |
| title | Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets |
| title_full | Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets |
| title_fullStr | Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets |
| title_short | Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets |
| title_sort | performance of tablet splitters crushers and grinders in relation to personalised medication with tablets |
| topic | oral solid dosage forms tablet splitting tablet crushing tablet grinding personalised medicine swallowing problems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/320 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hermanjwoerdenbag performanceoftabletsplitterscrushersandgrindersinrelationtopersonalisedmedicationwithtablets AT jcarolinavisser performanceoftabletsplitterscrushersandgrindersinrelationtopersonalisedmedicationwithtablets AT marlynpamleferinkopreinink performanceoftabletsplitterscrushersandgrindersinrelationtopersonalisedmedicationwithtablets AT roelrvanorsoy performanceoftabletsplitterscrushersandgrindersinrelationtopersonalisedmedicationwithtablets AT ankoceissens performanceoftabletsplitterscrushersandgrindersinrelationtopersonalisedmedicationwithtablets AT paulhagedoorn performanceoftabletsplitterscrushersandgrindersinrelationtopersonalisedmedicationwithtablets AT hildadijkstra performanceoftabletsplitterscrushersandgrindersinrelationtopersonalisedmedicationwithtablets AT derkpallersma performanceoftabletsplitterscrushersandgrindersinrelationtopersonalisedmedicationwithtablets AT shiwng performanceoftabletsplitterscrushersandgrindersinrelationtopersonalisedmedicationwithtablets AT oscarsnmsmeets performanceoftabletsplitterscrushersandgrindersinrelationtopersonalisedmedicationwithtablets AT henderikwfrijlink performanceoftabletsplitterscrushersandgrindersinrelationtopersonalisedmedicationwithtablets |