Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility
The use of insect-resistant transgenic crops producing <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> protein Cry toxins (Bt) to control caterpillars is wide-spread. Development of a mechanism to prevent Bt from reaching its target site in the digestive system could result in Bt resistance and resistance...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/14856 |
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| author | Anirudh Dhammi Jaap B. van Krestchmar Jiwei Zhu Loganathan Ponnusamy Fred Gould Dominic Reisig Ryan W. Kurtz R. Michael Roe |
| author_facet | Anirudh Dhammi Jaap B. van Krestchmar Jiwei Zhu Loganathan Ponnusamy Fred Gould Dominic Reisig Ryan W. Kurtz R. Michael Roe |
| author_sort | Anirudh Dhammi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of insect-resistant transgenic crops producing <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> protein Cry toxins (Bt) to control caterpillars is wide-spread. Development of a mechanism to prevent Bt from reaching its target site in the digestive system could result in Bt resistance and resistance to other insecticides active <i>per os</i>. Increased feeding rates by increasing temperature in tobacco budworms, <i>Chloridea virescens</i>, and bollworms, <i>Helicoverpa zea</i>, decreased Bt Cry1Ac susceptibility and mortality. The same was found in <i>C. virescens</i> for Bollgard II plant extract containing Bt Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 toxins. Furthermore, <i>H. zea</i> from the same inbred laboratory colony that fed faster independent of temperature manipulation were less susceptible to Bt intoxication. A laboratory derived <i>C. virescens</i> Bt resistant strain demonstrated a higher feeding rate on non-Bt artificial diet than the parental, Bt susceptible strain. A laboratory-reared Bt resistant fall armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, strain also fed faster on non-Bt diet compared to Bt susceptible caterpillars of the same species, both originally collected from corn. The studies in toto and the literature reviewed support the hypothesis that increased feeding rate is a behavioral mechanism for reducing caterpillar susceptibility to Bt. Its possible role in resistance needs further study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:46:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dbda06393d234c29b1d53d810b6d9794 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:46:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-dbda06393d234c29b1d53d810b6d97942023-11-24T11:09:04ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-11-0123231485610.3390/ijms232314856Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt SusceptibilityAnirudh Dhammi0Jaap B. van Krestchmar1Jiwei Zhu2Loganathan Ponnusamy3Fred Gould4Dominic Reisig5Ryan W. Kurtz6R. Michael Roe7Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Vernon G. James Research & Extension Center, Plymouth, NC 27962, USACotton Incorporated, 6399 Weston Parkway, Cary, NC 27513, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAThe use of insect-resistant transgenic crops producing <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> protein Cry toxins (Bt) to control caterpillars is wide-spread. Development of a mechanism to prevent Bt from reaching its target site in the digestive system could result in Bt resistance and resistance to other insecticides active <i>per os</i>. Increased feeding rates by increasing temperature in tobacco budworms, <i>Chloridea virescens</i>, and bollworms, <i>Helicoverpa zea</i>, decreased Bt Cry1Ac susceptibility and mortality. The same was found in <i>C. virescens</i> for Bollgard II plant extract containing Bt Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 toxins. Furthermore, <i>H. zea</i> from the same inbred laboratory colony that fed faster independent of temperature manipulation were less susceptible to Bt intoxication. A laboratory derived <i>C. virescens</i> Bt resistant strain demonstrated a higher feeding rate on non-Bt artificial diet than the parental, Bt susceptible strain. A laboratory-reared Bt resistant fall armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, strain also fed faster on non-Bt diet compared to Bt susceptible caterpillars of the same species, both originally collected from corn. The studies in toto and the literature reviewed support the hypothesis that increased feeding rate is a behavioral mechanism for reducing caterpillar susceptibility to Bt. Its possible role in resistance needs further study.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/14856tobacco budwormbollwormfall armywormcotton<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>MVPII |
| spellingShingle | Anirudh Dhammi Jaap B. van Krestchmar Jiwei Zhu Loganathan Ponnusamy Fred Gould Dominic Reisig Ryan W. Kurtz R. Michael Roe Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility International Journal of Molecular Sciences tobacco budworm bollworm fall armyworm cotton <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> MVPII |
| title | Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility |
| title_full | Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility |
| title_short | Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility |
| title_sort | impact of caterpillar increased feeding rates on reduction of bt susceptibility |
| topic | tobacco budworm bollworm fall armyworm cotton <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> MVPII |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/14856 |
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