Response of Sex Steroid Hormone Synthesis Substrates in Serum and Testes of Male Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Exposed to Methomyl and Its Recovery Pattern
The response of synthetic substrates of sex steroid hormones—cholesterol (CHO), pregnenolone (PREG), and progesterone (PROG)—in the serum and testes of male tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) to the environmental estrogen pesticide methomyl (0.2, 2, 20, and 200 μg·L<sup>−1</...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10997 |
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| author | Shunlong Meng Xi Chen Chao Song Limin Fan Liping Qiu Gengdong Hu Jiazhang Chen Pao Xu |
| author_facet | Shunlong Meng Xi Chen Chao Song Limin Fan Liping Qiu Gengdong Hu Jiazhang Chen Pao Xu |
| author_sort | Shunlong Meng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The response of synthetic substrates of sex steroid hormones—cholesterol (CHO), pregnenolone (PREG), and progesterone (PROG)—in the serum and testes of male tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) to the environmental estrogen pesticide methomyl (0.2, 2, 20, and 200 μg·L<sup>−1</sup>) was evaluated using static-water contact toxicity tests. The results showed that low methomyl concentrations (0.2 and 2 μg·L<sup>−1</sup>) had no significant effects on the contents of CHO, PREG, and PROG in the serum and testes of male tilapia (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Consequently, the concentration of 2 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> could be used as a preliminary reference threshold for the non-effective dose of methomyl in male tilapia. Exposure to high methomyl concentrations (20 and 200 μg·L<sup>−1</sup>) significantly inhibited the levels of CHO, PREG, and PROG in the serum and testes of male tilapia (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and showed a dose–response relationship. Sex steroid hormone synthesis substrate damage to male tilapia caused by less than 20 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> methomyl was reversible, while the damage caused by equal to or greater than 200 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> methomyl was irreversible when tilapia were transferred to methomyl-free water for 18 days. Thus, a concentration of 200 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> could be used as a reference threshold for irreversible damage caused by methomyl in male tilapia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:43:37Z |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:43:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-dbf1f132b98a4b219700b80b9c795e862023-11-22T22:22:06ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-11-0111221099710.3390/app112210997Response of Sex Steroid Hormone Synthesis Substrates in Serum and Testes of Male Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Exposed to Methomyl and Its Recovery PatternShunlong Meng0Xi Chen1Chao Song2Limin Fan3Liping Qiu4Gengdong Hu5Jiazhang Chen6Pao Xu7Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, ChinaFreshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, ChinaFreshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, ChinaFreshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, ChinaFreshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, ChinaFreshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, ChinaFreshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, ChinaFreshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, ChinaThe response of synthetic substrates of sex steroid hormones—cholesterol (CHO), pregnenolone (PREG), and progesterone (PROG)—in the serum and testes of male tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) to the environmental estrogen pesticide methomyl (0.2, 2, 20, and 200 μg·L<sup>−1</sup>) was evaluated using static-water contact toxicity tests. The results showed that low methomyl concentrations (0.2 and 2 μg·L<sup>−1</sup>) had no significant effects on the contents of CHO, PREG, and PROG in the serum and testes of male tilapia (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Consequently, the concentration of 2 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> could be used as a preliminary reference threshold for the non-effective dose of methomyl in male tilapia. Exposure to high methomyl concentrations (20 and 200 μg·L<sup>−1</sup>) significantly inhibited the levels of CHO, PREG, and PROG in the serum and testes of male tilapia (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and showed a dose–response relationship. Sex steroid hormone synthesis substrate damage to male tilapia caused by less than 20 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> methomyl was reversible, while the damage caused by equal to or greater than 200 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> methomyl was irreversible when tilapia were transferred to methomyl-free water for 18 days. Thus, a concentration of 200 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> could be used as a reference threshold for irreversible damage caused by methomyl in male tilapia.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10997pesticidefreshwater fishcholesterolpregnenoloneprogesteronedepuration period |
| spellingShingle | Shunlong Meng Xi Chen Chao Song Limin Fan Liping Qiu Gengdong Hu Jiazhang Chen Pao Xu Response of Sex Steroid Hormone Synthesis Substrates in Serum and Testes of Male Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Exposed to Methomyl and Its Recovery Pattern Applied Sciences pesticide freshwater fish cholesterol pregnenolone progesterone depuration period |
| title | Response of Sex Steroid Hormone Synthesis Substrates in Serum and Testes of Male Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Exposed to Methomyl and Its Recovery Pattern |
| title_full | Response of Sex Steroid Hormone Synthesis Substrates in Serum and Testes of Male Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Exposed to Methomyl and Its Recovery Pattern |
| title_fullStr | Response of Sex Steroid Hormone Synthesis Substrates in Serum and Testes of Male Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Exposed to Methomyl and Its Recovery Pattern |
| title_full_unstemmed | Response of Sex Steroid Hormone Synthesis Substrates in Serum and Testes of Male Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Exposed to Methomyl and Its Recovery Pattern |
| title_short | Response of Sex Steroid Hormone Synthesis Substrates in Serum and Testes of Male Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Exposed to Methomyl and Its Recovery Pattern |
| title_sort | response of sex steroid hormone synthesis substrates in serum and testes of male tilapia i oreochromis niloticus i exposed to methomyl and its recovery pattern |
| topic | pesticide freshwater fish cholesterol pregnenolone progesterone depuration period |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10997 |
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