Heritability of Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers Associated with COVID-19 Severity: A Metabolomics and Proteomics Analysis
Objectives: Prior studies have characterized protein and metabolite changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection; we hypothesized that these biomarkers may be part of heritable metabolic pathways in erythrocytes. Methods: Using a twin study of erythrocyte protein and metabolite levels, we describe t...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Biomolecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/1/46 |
| _version_ | 1827628222708187136 |
|---|---|
| author | Amelia K. Haj Haytham Hasan Thomas J. Raife |
| author_facet | Amelia K. Haj Haytham Hasan Thomas J. Raife |
| author_sort | Amelia K. Haj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Prior studies have characterized protein and metabolite changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection; we hypothesized that these biomarkers may be part of heritable metabolic pathways in erythrocytes. Methods: Using a twin study of erythrocyte protein and metabolite levels, we describe the heritability of, and correlations among, previously identified biomarkers that correlate with COVID-19 severity. We used gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis tools to identify pathways and biological processes enriched among these biomarkers. Results: Many COVID-19 biomarkers are highly heritable in erythrocytes. Among heritable metabolites downregulated in COVID-19, metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis are enriched. Specific amino acid metabolism pathways (valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and arginine biosynthesis) are heritable in erythrocytes. Conclusions: Metabolic pathways downregulated in COVID-19, particularly amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways, are heritable in erythrocytes. This finding suggests that a component of the variation in COVID-19 severity may be the result of phenotypic variation in heritable metabolic pathways; future studies will be necessary to determine whether individual variation in amino acid metabolism pathways correlates with heritable outcomes of COVID-19. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:27:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc00747db90447f6a8a4cc7713159917 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:27:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc00747db90447f6a8a4cc77131599172023-11-30T21:21:58ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2022-12-011314610.3390/biom13010046Heritability of Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers Associated with COVID-19 Severity: A Metabolomics and Proteomics AnalysisAmelia K. Haj0Haytham Hasan1Thomas J. Raife2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building (MFCB), Madison, WI 53705-2281, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building (MFCB), Madison, WI 53705-2281, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building (MFCB), Madison, WI 53705-2281, USAObjectives: Prior studies have characterized protein and metabolite changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection; we hypothesized that these biomarkers may be part of heritable metabolic pathways in erythrocytes. Methods: Using a twin study of erythrocyte protein and metabolite levels, we describe the heritability of, and correlations among, previously identified biomarkers that correlate with COVID-19 severity. We used gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis tools to identify pathways and biological processes enriched among these biomarkers. Results: Many COVID-19 biomarkers are highly heritable in erythrocytes. Among heritable metabolites downregulated in COVID-19, metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis are enriched. Specific amino acid metabolism pathways (valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and arginine biosynthesis) are heritable in erythrocytes. Conclusions: Metabolic pathways downregulated in COVID-19, particularly amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways, are heritable in erythrocytes. This finding suggests that a component of the variation in COVID-19 severity may be the result of phenotypic variation in heritable metabolic pathways; future studies will be necessary to determine whether individual variation in amino acid metabolism pathways correlates with heritable outcomes of COVID-19.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/1/46COVID-19SARS-CoV-2biomarkersmetabolomicsproteomicserythrocytes |
| spellingShingle | Amelia K. Haj Haytham Hasan Thomas J. Raife Heritability of Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers Associated with COVID-19 Severity: A Metabolomics and Proteomics Analysis Biomolecules COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers metabolomics proteomics erythrocytes |
| title | Heritability of Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers Associated with COVID-19 Severity: A Metabolomics and Proteomics Analysis |
| title_full | Heritability of Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers Associated with COVID-19 Severity: A Metabolomics and Proteomics Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Heritability of Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers Associated with COVID-19 Severity: A Metabolomics and Proteomics Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heritability of Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers Associated with COVID-19 Severity: A Metabolomics and Proteomics Analysis |
| title_short | Heritability of Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers Associated with COVID-19 Severity: A Metabolomics and Proteomics Analysis |
| title_sort | heritability of protein and metabolite biomarkers associated with covid 19 severity a metabolomics and proteomics analysis |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers metabolomics proteomics erythrocytes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/1/46 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ameliakhaj heritabilityofproteinandmetabolitebiomarkersassociatedwithcovid19severityametabolomicsandproteomicsanalysis AT haythamhasan heritabilityofproteinandmetabolitebiomarkersassociatedwithcovid19severityametabolomicsandproteomicsanalysis AT thomasjraife heritabilityofproteinandmetabolitebiomarkersassociatedwithcovid19severityametabolomicsandproteomicsanalysis |