Design of an Intermittent Herbicide Spray System for Open-Field Cabbage and Plant Protection Effect Experiments
To address the problem of herbicide residues exceeding the safety standard due to continuous spraying of herbicides on open-field cabbage, we propose an intermittent weed spraying control method integrating cabbage position, cabbage canopy size, and spraying machine operation speed. It is based on a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/2/286 |
| _version_ | 1827759242061283328 |
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| author | Shenyu Zheng Xueguan Zhao Xinwei Zhang Hao Fu Kechuan Yi Changyuan Zhai |
| author_facet | Shenyu Zheng Xueguan Zhao Xinwei Zhang Hao Fu Kechuan Yi Changyuan Zhai |
| author_sort | Shenyu Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To address the problem of herbicide residues exceeding the safety standard due to continuous spraying of herbicides on open-field cabbage, we propose an intermittent weed spraying control method integrating cabbage position, cabbage canopy size, and spraying machine operation speed. It is based on an early-stage cabbage target identification method obtained in the early stage and the operation requirements in open-field cabbage. Built with a C37 controller, a stable pressure spray system and an intermittent weed spraying control system for open-field cabbage, an integrated system was designed. Experimental verification was carried out through measurement indexes such as spraying precision, herbicide saving rate, herbicide efficacy, and herbicide residue. Since the industry is faced with a status quo of a lack of relevant operational norms and national standards for the precise weed spraying operation mode, this paper provides a relatively perfect experiment and evaluation method for this mode. The experimental results on the accuracy of weed spraying at different speeds showed that the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and average spray cabbage coverage rate (ASCCR) of intermittent weed spraying increased, but the average effective spray coverage rate (AESCR) decreased with increasing operation speed. When the working speed was 0.51 m/s, the MAE and RMSE of intermittent weed spraying were less than 2.87 cm and 3.40 cm, respectively, and the AESCR was 98.4%, which verified the feasibility of operating the intermittent weed spraying of cabbage. The results of a field experiment showed that the average weed-killing rate of intermittent weed spraying for open-field cabbage was 94.8%, and the herbicide-saving rate could reach 28.3% for a similar weeding effect to that of constant-rate application, which not only met the needs of intermittent weed spraying in open-field cabbage but also had great significance for improving the herbicide utilization rate. Compared with the constant-rate application method, the herbicide residue concentration detected using intermittent weed spraying for cabbage decreased by 66.6% on average, which has important research significance and application value for ensuring the normal growth of crops and the safety of agricultural products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:18:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc00d65f13834471aff00dadc0deea4a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:18:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc00d65f13834471aff00dadc0deea4a2023-11-16T18:32:23ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-01-0113228610.3390/agronomy13020286Design of an Intermittent Herbicide Spray System for Open-Field Cabbage and Plant Protection Effect ExperimentsShenyu Zheng0Xueguan Zhao1Xinwei Zhang2Hao Fu3Kechuan Yi4Changyuan Zhai5Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, ChinaIntelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, ChinaIntelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaTo address the problem of herbicide residues exceeding the safety standard due to continuous spraying of herbicides on open-field cabbage, we propose an intermittent weed spraying control method integrating cabbage position, cabbage canopy size, and spraying machine operation speed. It is based on an early-stage cabbage target identification method obtained in the early stage and the operation requirements in open-field cabbage. Built with a C37 controller, a stable pressure spray system and an intermittent weed spraying control system for open-field cabbage, an integrated system was designed. Experimental verification was carried out through measurement indexes such as spraying precision, herbicide saving rate, herbicide efficacy, and herbicide residue. Since the industry is faced with a status quo of a lack of relevant operational norms and national standards for the precise weed spraying operation mode, this paper provides a relatively perfect experiment and evaluation method for this mode. The experimental results on the accuracy of weed spraying at different speeds showed that the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and average spray cabbage coverage rate (ASCCR) of intermittent weed spraying increased, but the average effective spray coverage rate (AESCR) decreased with increasing operation speed. When the working speed was 0.51 m/s, the MAE and RMSE of intermittent weed spraying were less than 2.87 cm and 3.40 cm, respectively, and the AESCR was 98.4%, which verified the feasibility of operating the intermittent weed spraying of cabbage. The results of a field experiment showed that the average weed-killing rate of intermittent weed spraying for open-field cabbage was 94.8%, and the herbicide-saving rate could reach 28.3% for a similar weeding effect to that of constant-rate application, which not only met the needs of intermittent weed spraying in open-field cabbage but also had great significance for improving the herbicide utilization rate. Compared with the constant-rate application method, the herbicide residue concentration detected using intermittent weed spraying for cabbage decreased by 66.6% on average, which has important research significance and application value for ensuring the normal growth of crops and the safety of agricultural products.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/2/286plant protection machinerysensorspray rod typeherbicidespesticide residuesweed killing rate |
| spellingShingle | Shenyu Zheng Xueguan Zhao Xinwei Zhang Hao Fu Kechuan Yi Changyuan Zhai Design of an Intermittent Herbicide Spray System for Open-Field Cabbage and Plant Protection Effect Experiments Agronomy plant protection machinery sensor spray rod type herbicides pesticide residues weed killing rate |
| title | Design of an Intermittent Herbicide Spray System for Open-Field Cabbage and Plant Protection Effect Experiments |
| title_full | Design of an Intermittent Herbicide Spray System for Open-Field Cabbage and Plant Protection Effect Experiments |
| title_fullStr | Design of an Intermittent Herbicide Spray System for Open-Field Cabbage and Plant Protection Effect Experiments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design of an Intermittent Herbicide Spray System for Open-Field Cabbage and Plant Protection Effect Experiments |
| title_short | Design of an Intermittent Herbicide Spray System for Open-Field Cabbage and Plant Protection Effect Experiments |
| title_sort | design of an intermittent herbicide spray system for open field cabbage and plant protection effect experiments |
| topic | plant protection machinery sensor spray rod type herbicides pesticide residues weed killing rate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/2/286 |
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