Formulation of Artificial Diets for Mass-Rearing <i>Eldana saccharina</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using the Carcass Milling Technique
The carcass milling technique (CMT) formulates specific diets from nutrient analyses of species to be reared and their natural host plants. The first of four diets developed used the minimum ingredient specifications (MS) of published diets for <i>Eldana saccharina</i>. The remaining wer...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/4/316 |
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| author | Nomalizo C. Ngomane Elsje Pieterse Michael J. Woods Des E. Conlong |
| author_facet | Nomalizo C. Ngomane Elsje Pieterse Michael J. Woods Des E. Conlong |
| author_sort | Nomalizo C. Ngomane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The carcass milling technique (CMT) formulates specific diets from nutrient analyses of species to be reared and their natural host plants. The first of four diets developed used the minimum ingredient specifications (MS) of published diets for <i>Eldana saccharina</i>. The remaining were based on the ideal amino acid composition and profile (IAAP) of its second (IAAP2), third/fourth (IAAP3/4) and fifth/sixth (IAAP5/6) instar larvae. The control was a modified <i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i> diet. Survival to pupae of inoculated <i>E saccharina</i> neonates was high on all CMT formulations (>92% at day 20 and >97% at day 27). Larvae developed fastest on the IAAP3/4 and MS diets (25% and 17% prepupae and pupae on day 20, respectively). Pupal weights were not significantly influenced by CMT diets (0.1121 g male; 0.1864 g female). The control group produced heavier male and female pupae (0.1204 g; 0.2085 g, respectively). Adult emergence was highest from the MS (98%), then the IAAP3/4 (97%) and control (96%) diets. Sex ratio of adults from all diets was close to one. Males from the IAAP5/6 diet mated with significantly more females (six), and females from the MS diet mated with more males (three) than those from remaining formulations. All females produced in excess of 870 eggs, more than 90% were fertile after mating. The pH (4.79); moisture content (81.43%) and water activity (0.92 a<sub>w</sub>) of the diets were not significantly different, maintaining quality and stability throughout the larval period, ensuring optimal growth and development. The MS diet formulation was the preferred choice to replace the current <i>E. saccharina</i> diet. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:34:34Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:34:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc0660bd53044a5996309bd6000af3a82023-12-01T21:05:34ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-03-0113431610.3390/insects13040316Formulation of Artificial Diets for Mass-Rearing <i>Eldana saccharina</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using the Carcass Milling TechniqueNomalizo C. Ngomane0Elsje Pieterse1Michael J. Woods2Des E. Conlong3Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, South AfricaDepartment of Animal Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, South AfricaDepartment of Animal Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, South AfricaDepartment of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, South AfricaThe carcass milling technique (CMT) formulates specific diets from nutrient analyses of species to be reared and their natural host plants. The first of four diets developed used the minimum ingredient specifications (MS) of published diets for <i>Eldana saccharina</i>. The remaining were based on the ideal amino acid composition and profile (IAAP) of its second (IAAP2), third/fourth (IAAP3/4) and fifth/sixth (IAAP5/6) instar larvae. The control was a modified <i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i> diet. Survival to pupae of inoculated <i>E saccharina</i> neonates was high on all CMT formulations (>92% at day 20 and >97% at day 27). Larvae developed fastest on the IAAP3/4 and MS diets (25% and 17% prepupae and pupae on day 20, respectively). Pupal weights were not significantly influenced by CMT diets (0.1121 g male; 0.1864 g female). The control group produced heavier male and female pupae (0.1204 g; 0.2085 g, respectively). Adult emergence was highest from the MS (98%), then the IAAP3/4 (97%) and control (96%) diets. Sex ratio of adults from all diets was close to one. Males from the IAAP5/6 diet mated with significantly more females (six), and females from the MS diet mated with more males (three) than those from remaining formulations. All females produced in excess of 870 eggs, more than 90% were fertile after mating. The pH (4.79); moisture content (81.43%) and water activity (0.92 a<sub>w</sub>) of the diets were not significantly different, maintaining quality and stability throughout the larval period, ensuring optimal growth and development. The MS diet formulation was the preferred choice to replace the current <i>E. saccharina</i> diet.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/4/316comparative slaughter techniqueinsect rearingsterile insect techniquesugarcanemass production |
| spellingShingle | Nomalizo C. Ngomane Elsje Pieterse Michael J. Woods Des E. Conlong Formulation of Artificial Diets for Mass-Rearing <i>Eldana saccharina</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using the Carcass Milling Technique Insects comparative slaughter technique insect rearing sterile insect technique sugarcane mass production |
| title | Formulation of Artificial Diets for Mass-Rearing <i>Eldana saccharina</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using the Carcass Milling Technique |
| title_full | Formulation of Artificial Diets for Mass-Rearing <i>Eldana saccharina</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using the Carcass Milling Technique |
| title_fullStr | Formulation of Artificial Diets for Mass-Rearing <i>Eldana saccharina</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using the Carcass Milling Technique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formulation of Artificial Diets for Mass-Rearing <i>Eldana saccharina</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using the Carcass Milling Technique |
| title_short | Formulation of Artificial Diets for Mass-Rearing <i>Eldana saccharina</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using the Carcass Milling Technique |
| title_sort | formulation of artificial diets for mass rearing i eldana saccharina i walker lepidoptera pyralidae using the carcass milling technique |
| topic | comparative slaughter technique insect rearing sterile insect technique sugarcane mass production |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/4/316 |
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