Analytic Approximation of In-Body Path Loss for Implanted Antennas
Implantable bioelectronic devices predominantly use wireless links for communication and/or power transfer. When considering transmitting implanted antennas, electromagnetic radiation through biological media is highly attenuated, and previous work has shown that the in-body path loss can be separat...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10124742/ |
| _version_ | 1827940648488009728 |
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| author | Mingxiang Gao Zvonimir Sipus Anja K. Skrivervik |
| author_facet | Mingxiang Gao Zvonimir Sipus Anja K. Skrivervik |
| author_sort | Mingxiang Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Implantable bioelectronic devices predominantly use wireless links for communication and/or power transfer. When considering transmitting implanted antennas, electromagnetic radiation through biological media is highly attenuated, and previous work has shown that the in-body path loss can be separated into three parts: the losses incurred by the propagating fields, the reflections at media interfaces, and the coupling of the antenna reactive near field and the lossy body. The first two are unavoidable, but a careful antenna design should minimize the near-field losses. Thus, quantifying the near-field losses of implanted antennas is useful in selecting the antenna topology for preliminary design. The aim of this paper is to present a simplified model of an implanted antenna that provides closed-form approximate expressions to estimate EM radiation from the implant. In particular, we extend the expressions for the reactive near-field losses to both deep and shallow implants, by taking into account the implantation depth. Additionally, the proposed approximate method is verified by comparing the results obtained with the full-wave simulations in the case of a miniature implanted antenna, and with both simulated and measured results from two practical examples found in the literature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:12:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc07777cdbaa4d9ea5de09c0719555a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2637-6431 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:12:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc07777cdbaa4d9ea5de09c0719555a22023-05-26T23:00:55ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation2637-64312023-01-01453754510.1109/OJAP.2023.327668610124742Analytic Approximation of In-Body Path Loss for Implanted AntennasMingxiang Gao0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-3533Zvonimir Sipus1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-6408Anja K. Skrivervik2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-6400Microwaves and Antennas Group, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaMicrowaves and Antennas Group, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandImplantable bioelectronic devices predominantly use wireless links for communication and/or power transfer. When considering transmitting implanted antennas, electromagnetic radiation through biological media is highly attenuated, and previous work has shown that the in-body path loss can be separated into three parts: the losses incurred by the propagating fields, the reflections at media interfaces, and the coupling of the antenna reactive near field and the lossy body. The first two are unavoidable, but a careful antenna design should minimize the near-field losses. Thus, quantifying the near-field losses of implanted antennas is useful in selecting the antenna topology for preliminary design. The aim of this paper is to present a simplified model of an implanted antenna that provides closed-form approximate expressions to estimate EM radiation from the implant. In particular, we extend the expressions for the reactive near-field losses to both deep and shallow implants, by taking into account the implantation depth. Additionally, the proposed approximate method is verified by comparing the results obtained with the full-wave simulations in the case of a miniature implanted antenna, and with both simulated and measured results from two practical examples found in the literature.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10124742/Implanted antennasin-body path lossreactive near fieldlossy medium |
| spellingShingle | Mingxiang Gao Zvonimir Sipus Anja K. Skrivervik Analytic Approximation of In-Body Path Loss for Implanted Antennas IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Implanted antennas in-body path loss reactive near field lossy medium |
| title | Analytic Approximation of In-Body Path Loss for Implanted Antennas |
| title_full | Analytic Approximation of In-Body Path Loss for Implanted Antennas |
| title_fullStr | Analytic Approximation of In-Body Path Loss for Implanted Antennas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analytic Approximation of In-Body Path Loss for Implanted Antennas |
| title_short | Analytic Approximation of In-Body Path Loss for Implanted Antennas |
| title_sort | analytic approximation of in body path loss for implanted antennas |
| topic | Implanted antennas in-body path loss reactive near field lossy medium |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10124742/ |
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