Hydrothermal Valorization via Liquid Hot Water and Hydrothermal Carbonization of Pea Pod Waste: Characterization of the Biochar and Quantification of Platform Molecules
Pea pod cultivation spans various regions and climates, with a global production of around 20 million tons. The pea peel wastes, which make up 30–40% of the total weight of the peas, are freely available in large quantities. The biomass used was characterized via ultimate, proximate, and structural...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/6/2329 |
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| author | Daniel Esteban Galvis-Sandoval Alejandra Sophia Lozano-Pérez Carlos Alberto Guerrero-Fajardo |
| author_facet | Daniel Esteban Galvis-Sandoval Alejandra Sophia Lozano-Pérez Carlos Alberto Guerrero-Fajardo |
| author_sort | Daniel Esteban Galvis-Sandoval |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pea pod cultivation spans various regions and climates, with a global production of around 20 million tons. The pea peel wastes, which make up 30–40% of the total weight of the peas, are freely available in large quantities. The biomass used was characterized via ultimate, proximate, and structural analysis, obtaining 20.2%w of cellulose and 17.4%w of hemicellulose, which, via valorization processes, can be transformed into platform chemicals. Hydrothermal valorization presents itself as a clean form of treatment for these wastes, ranging from 120 to 180 °C (LHW) and from 180 to 260 °C (HTC). The use of LHW can lead to the production of sugars (up to 70%w yield) and levulinic acid (4%w yield), while the use of HTC leads to formic acid (40%w yield) and levulinic acid (4%w yield). The use of LHW for longer periods favors the production of HMF and furfural. The use of homogeneous catalysts (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>COOH, KOH, and NaHCO<sub>3</sub>) was implemented, and their selectivity was described. Solid fractions of LHW and HTC were characterized via FTIR and elemental analysis, and the change in their structure was described as they shifted from biomass to biochar. Optimal conditions for each platform chemical were reported to best utilize the pea pod waste. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:36:05Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:36:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc0d117a27304d7694d8b358504c7ea32024-03-27T13:19:19ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-03-01146232910.3390/app14062329Hydrothermal Valorization via Liquid Hot Water and Hydrothermal Carbonization of Pea Pod Waste: Characterization of the Biochar and Quantification of Platform MoleculesDaniel Esteban Galvis-Sandoval0Alejandra Sophia Lozano-Pérez1Carlos Alberto Guerrero-Fajardo2Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, ColombiaDepartamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, ColombiaDepartamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, ColombiaPea pod cultivation spans various regions and climates, with a global production of around 20 million tons. The pea peel wastes, which make up 30–40% of the total weight of the peas, are freely available in large quantities. The biomass used was characterized via ultimate, proximate, and structural analysis, obtaining 20.2%w of cellulose and 17.4%w of hemicellulose, which, via valorization processes, can be transformed into platform chemicals. Hydrothermal valorization presents itself as a clean form of treatment for these wastes, ranging from 120 to 180 °C (LHW) and from 180 to 260 °C (HTC). The use of LHW can lead to the production of sugars (up to 70%w yield) and levulinic acid (4%w yield), while the use of HTC leads to formic acid (40%w yield) and levulinic acid (4%w yield). The use of LHW for longer periods favors the production of HMF and furfural. The use of homogeneous catalysts (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>COOH, KOH, and NaHCO<sub>3</sub>) was implemented, and their selectivity was described. Solid fractions of LHW and HTC were characterized via FTIR and elemental analysis, and the change in their structure was described as they shifted from biomass to biochar. Optimal conditions for each platform chemical were reported to best utilize the pea pod waste.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/6/2329pea podshydrothermal valorizationplatform chemicalscatalystsHTCLHW |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Esteban Galvis-Sandoval Alejandra Sophia Lozano-Pérez Carlos Alberto Guerrero-Fajardo Hydrothermal Valorization via Liquid Hot Water and Hydrothermal Carbonization of Pea Pod Waste: Characterization of the Biochar and Quantification of Platform Molecules Applied Sciences pea pods hydrothermal valorization platform chemicals catalysts HTC LHW |
| title | Hydrothermal Valorization via Liquid Hot Water and Hydrothermal Carbonization of Pea Pod Waste: Characterization of the Biochar and Quantification of Platform Molecules |
| title_full | Hydrothermal Valorization via Liquid Hot Water and Hydrothermal Carbonization of Pea Pod Waste: Characterization of the Biochar and Quantification of Platform Molecules |
| title_fullStr | Hydrothermal Valorization via Liquid Hot Water and Hydrothermal Carbonization of Pea Pod Waste: Characterization of the Biochar and Quantification of Platform Molecules |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrothermal Valorization via Liquid Hot Water and Hydrothermal Carbonization of Pea Pod Waste: Characterization of the Biochar and Quantification of Platform Molecules |
| title_short | Hydrothermal Valorization via Liquid Hot Water and Hydrothermal Carbonization of Pea Pod Waste: Characterization of the Biochar and Quantification of Platform Molecules |
| title_sort | hydrothermal valorization via liquid hot water and hydrothermal carbonization of pea pod waste characterization of the biochar and quantification of platform molecules |
| topic | pea pods hydrothermal valorization platform chemicals catalysts HTC LHW |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/6/2329 |
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