Comparative Evaluation of Gate Driver and LC-Filter Based dv/dt-Limitation for SiC-Based Motor-Integrated Variable Speed Drive Inverters
Compared to state-of-the-art IGBTs, SiC power semiconductors allow to achieve ever higher system efficiencies and higher power densities in next-generation Variable Speed Drives (VSDs), thanks to their smaller relative chip size, ohmic on-state characteristic and lower specific switching losses resu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10144373/ |
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| author | Michael Haider Pascal S. Niklaus Manuel Madlener Gwendolin Rohner Johann W. Kolar |
| author_facet | Michael Haider Pascal S. Niklaus Manuel Madlener Gwendolin Rohner Johann W. Kolar |
| author_sort | Michael Haider |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Compared to state-of-the-art IGBTs, SiC power semiconductors allow to achieve ever higher system efficiencies and higher power densities in next-generation Variable Speed Drives (VSDs), thanks to their smaller relative chip size, ohmic on-state characteristic and lower specific switching losses resulting in a smaller switching-stage footprint and lower heat sink as well as DC-link capacitor volumes. However, the high slew rate of the switching transitions, an inherent consequence of the low switching losses, represents a major challenge and potentially results in lifetime degrading unequal voltage distribution across the motor windings and bearing currents. This work analytically and experimentally compares different means for d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$</tex-math></inline-formula>/d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula>-limitation, namely, a conventional passive LC-d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$</tex-math></inline-formula>/d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula>-filter and a Gate Driver (GD)-based approach based on increased GD resistances in combination with explicit Miller capacitors, at the example of a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {10}$</tex-math></inline-formula> kW industrial motor-integrated VSD. For a state-of-the-art d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$</tex-math></inline-formula>/d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula>-limitation of up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> V/ns the LC-filter shows lower losses compared to the GD-based limitation. The latter, however, has a higher part-load efficiency and/or lower losses compared to the (roughly) load independent losses in the LC-filter resulting from the dissipation of the energy stored in the filter capacitor within each switching cycle, beneficial for light loads, e.g., <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${< 40}\,$</tex-math></inline-formula>% of rated output power. Next-generation motors with reinforced insulation allow a d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$</tex-math></inline-formula>/d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula>-limitation of up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {15}$</tex-math></inline-formula> V/ns. In this case, the GD-based limitation shows lower losses in the whole operating range, since they directly scale with the now smaller overlap of voltage and current resulting from the faster switching transitions. Considering a state-of-the-art motor, finally, a hardware demonstrator of a three-phase VSD employing an LC-filter to limit the d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$</tex-math></inline-formula>/d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {5.6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> V/ns is realized, which achieves a full inverter stage power density of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {30}$</tex-math></inline-formula> kW/dm<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {497}$</tex-math></inline-formula> W/in<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\text {3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) and an inverter efficiency of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>\! \text{99}\,$</tex-math></inline-formula>%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:29:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc1b00c450bc4810a1c54c89efe5845c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2644-1314 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:29:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| series | IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc1b00c450bc4810a1c54c89efe5845c2023-06-29T23:00:50ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics2644-13142023-01-01445046210.1109/OJPEL.2023.328305210144373Comparative Evaluation of Gate Driver and LC-Filter Based dv/dt-Limitation for SiC-Based Motor-Integrated Variable Speed Drive InvertersMichael Haider0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8881-6631Pascal S. Niklaus1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0858-080XManuel Madlener2Gwendolin Rohner3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6680-7331Johann W. Kolar4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6000-7402Power Electronic Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, SwitzerlandPower Electronic Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, SwitzerlandPower Electronic Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, SwitzerlandPower Electronic Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, SwitzerlandPower Electronic Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, SwitzerlandCompared to state-of-the-art IGBTs, SiC power semiconductors allow to achieve ever higher system efficiencies and higher power densities in next-generation Variable Speed Drives (VSDs), thanks to their smaller relative chip size, ohmic on-state characteristic and lower specific switching losses resulting in a smaller switching-stage footprint and lower heat sink as well as DC-link capacitor volumes. However, the high slew rate of the switching transitions, an inherent consequence of the low switching losses, represents a major challenge and potentially results in lifetime degrading unequal voltage distribution across the motor windings and bearing currents. This work analytically and experimentally compares different means for d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$</tex-math></inline-formula>/d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula>-limitation, namely, a conventional passive LC-d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$</tex-math></inline-formula>/d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula>-filter and a Gate Driver (GD)-based approach based on increased GD resistances in combination with explicit Miller capacitors, at the example of a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {10}$</tex-math></inline-formula> kW industrial motor-integrated VSD. For a state-of-the-art d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$</tex-math></inline-formula>/d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula>-limitation of up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> V/ns the LC-filter shows lower losses compared to the GD-based limitation. The latter, however, has a higher part-load efficiency and/or lower losses compared to the (roughly) load independent losses in the LC-filter resulting from the dissipation of the energy stored in the filter capacitor within each switching cycle, beneficial for light loads, e.g., <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${< 40}\,$</tex-math></inline-formula>% of rated output power. Next-generation motors with reinforced insulation allow a d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$</tex-math></inline-formula>/d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula>-limitation of up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {15}$</tex-math></inline-formula> V/ns. In this case, the GD-based limitation shows lower losses in the whole operating range, since they directly scale with the now smaller overlap of voltage and current resulting from the faster switching transitions. Considering a state-of-the-art motor, finally, a hardware demonstrator of a three-phase VSD employing an LC-filter to limit the d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$</tex-math></inline-formula>/d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {5.6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> V/ns is realized, which achieves a full inverter stage power density of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {30}$</tex-math></inline-formula> kW/dm<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {497}$</tex-math></inline-formula> W/in<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\text {3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) and an inverter efficiency of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>\! \text{99}\,$</tex-math></inline-formula>%.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10144373/Gate driverspermanent magnet motorspulse width modulation converterssilicon carbidetransmission linesvariable speed drives |
| spellingShingle | Michael Haider Pascal S. Niklaus Manuel Madlener Gwendolin Rohner Johann W. Kolar Comparative Evaluation of Gate Driver and LC-Filter Based dv/dt-Limitation for SiC-Based Motor-Integrated Variable Speed Drive Inverters IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics Gate drivers permanent magnet motors pulse width modulation converters silicon carbide transmission lines variable speed drives |
| title | Comparative Evaluation of Gate Driver and LC-Filter Based dv/dt-Limitation for SiC-Based Motor-Integrated Variable Speed Drive Inverters |
| title_full | Comparative Evaluation of Gate Driver and LC-Filter Based dv/dt-Limitation for SiC-Based Motor-Integrated Variable Speed Drive Inverters |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Evaluation of Gate Driver and LC-Filter Based dv/dt-Limitation for SiC-Based Motor-Integrated Variable Speed Drive Inverters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Evaluation of Gate Driver and LC-Filter Based dv/dt-Limitation for SiC-Based Motor-Integrated Variable Speed Drive Inverters |
| title_short | Comparative Evaluation of Gate Driver and LC-Filter Based dv/dt-Limitation for SiC-Based Motor-Integrated Variable Speed Drive Inverters |
| title_sort | comparative evaluation of gate driver and lc filter based dv dt limitation for sic based motor integrated variable speed drive inverters |
| topic | Gate drivers permanent magnet motors pulse width modulation converters silicon carbide transmission lines variable speed drives |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10144373/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT michaelhaider comparativeevaluationofgatedriverandlcfilterbaseddvdtlimitationforsicbasedmotorintegratedvariablespeeddriveinverters AT pascalsniklaus comparativeevaluationofgatedriverandlcfilterbaseddvdtlimitationforsicbasedmotorintegratedvariablespeeddriveinverters AT manuelmadlener comparativeevaluationofgatedriverandlcfilterbaseddvdtlimitationforsicbasedmotorintegratedvariablespeeddriveinverters AT gwendolinrohner comparativeevaluationofgatedriverandlcfilterbaseddvdtlimitationforsicbasedmotorintegratedvariablespeeddriveinverters AT johannwkolar comparativeevaluationofgatedriverandlcfilterbaseddvdtlimitationforsicbasedmotorintegratedvariablespeeddriveinverters |