Exploring the therapeutic efficacy of Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative disorders, the hallmarks of which include deposits of extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) as well as intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) tangles. With disease progression, neuronal apoptosis combined with cerebral atrophy occurs,...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023026130 |
| _version_ | 1797815741932634112 |
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| author | Shu-Mei Wang Jiunn-Jye Chuu Ching-Kuo Lee Chia-Yu Chang |
| author_facet | Shu-Mei Wang Jiunn-Jye Chuu Ching-Kuo Lee Chia-Yu Chang |
| author_sort | Shu-Mei Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative disorders, the hallmarks of which include deposits of extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) as well as intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) tangles. With disease progression, neuronal apoptosis combined with cerebral atrophy occurs, leading to cognitive impairment and long-term memory loss. Recently, Chlorella species have been identified as a functional food and are being explored for the prevention of various diseases widely studied to prevent or treat many neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, we for the first time investigated the neuroprotective effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa short-chain peptides (CPPs) i.e. <1 kDa, 1–3 kDa, 3–10 kDa, and >10 kDa on the in vitro and in vivo neuronal injury models. Our in vitro results showed that CPP with a molecular weight of 1–3 kDa and 3–10 kDa could elevate the survival rate of Aβ1-42 or l-Glutamic acid-injured N2A cells. These treatments also inhibited Aβ and tau NFTs in N2A cells and prevented progressive neuronal cellular damage by suppressing inflammatory cytokines such as PGE2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and NF-κB. Further, our in vivo Aβ1-42-induced AD mice model demonstrated that 1–3 kDa or 3–10 kDa CPP could improve spatial cognition and learning memory. We also observed a decreased cell loss ratio in CA1-CA3 hippocampal regions. Taken together, our findings imply that CPPs may exert their anti-AD impact through anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloid activities via reducing APP and tau NFT. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T08:27:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc1b3b468f3f4f5691b62bc4096c98c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T08:27:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc1b3b468f3f4f5691b62bc4096c98c02023-05-31T04:44:33ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-05-0195e15406Exploring the therapeutic efficacy of Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides in ameliorating Alzheimer's diseaseShu-Mei Wang0Jiunn-Jye Chuu1Ching-Kuo Lee2Chia-Yu Chang3Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, TaiwanPh.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Corresponding author. Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.Department of Neurology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan; Corresponding author. Department of Neurology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative disorders, the hallmarks of which include deposits of extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) as well as intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) tangles. With disease progression, neuronal apoptosis combined with cerebral atrophy occurs, leading to cognitive impairment and long-term memory loss. Recently, Chlorella species have been identified as a functional food and are being explored for the prevention of various diseases widely studied to prevent or treat many neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, we for the first time investigated the neuroprotective effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa short-chain peptides (CPPs) i.e. <1 kDa, 1–3 kDa, 3–10 kDa, and >10 kDa on the in vitro and in vivo neuronal injury models. Our in vitro results showed that CPP with a molecular weight of 1–3 kDa and 3–10 kDa could elevate the survival rate of Aβ1-42 or l-Glutamic acid-injured N2A cells. These treatments also inhibited Aβ and tau NFTs in N2A cells and prevented progressive neuronal cellular damage by suppressing inflammatory cytokines such as PGE2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and NF-κB. Further, our in vivo Aβ1-42-induced AD mice model demonstrated that 1–3 kDa or 3–10 kDa CPP could improve spatial cognition and learning memory. We also observed a decreased cell loss ratio in CA1-CA3 hippocampal regions. Taken together, our findings imply that CPPs may exert their anti-AD impact through anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloid activities via reducing APP and tau NFT.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023026130Alzheimer's disease (AD)Chlorella pyrenoidosa short-Chain peptides (CPPs)Beta-amyloid (Aβ)Tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) |
| spellingShingle | Shu-Mei Wang Jiunn-Jye Chuu Ching-Kuo Lee Chia-Yu Chang Exploring the therapeutic efficacy of Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease Heliyon Alzheimer's disease (AD) Chlorella pyrenoidosa short-Chain peptides (CPPs) Beta-amyloid (Aβ) Tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) |
| title | Exploring the therapeutic efficacy of Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease |
| title_full | Exploring the therapeutic efficacy of Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the therapeutic efficacy of Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the therapeutic efficacy of Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease |
| title_short | Exploring the therapeutic efficacy of Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease |
| title_sort | exploring the therapeutic efficacy of chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides in ameliorating alzheimer s disease |
| topic | Alzheimer's disease (AD) Chlorella pyrenoidosa short-Chain peptides (CPPs) Beta-amyloid (Aβ) Tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023026130 |
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