Chemical Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Different Types of Asian Dust in Wajima, a Background Site in Japan
Two Asian dust (AD) events were observed in March 2021 (AD1: 16 March 2021 00:00 UTC~17 March 2021 12:00 UTC and AD2: 28 March 2021 00:00 UTC~31 March 2021 12:00 UTC). To determine the chemical characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) in different types of Asian dust, the total suspen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1210 |
| _version_ | 1797432530320752640 |
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| author | Pengchu Bai Hao Zhang Xuan Zhang Yan Wang Lulu Zhang Seiya Nagao Bin Chen Ning Tang |
| author_facet | Pengchu Bai Hao Zhang Xuan Zhang Yan Wang Lulu Zhang Seiya Nagao Bin Chen Ning Tang |
| author_sort | Pengchu Bai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two Asian dust (AD) events were observed in March 2021 (AD1: 16 March 2021 00:00 UTC~17 March 2021 12:00 UTC and AD2: 28 March 2021 00:00 UTC~31 March 2021 12:00 UTC). To determine the chemical characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) in different types of Asian dust, the total suspended particulates (TSP) were collected at Kanazawa University Wajima Air Monitoring Station (KUWAMS), a background site in Japan from 27 February to 4 March, 2021. Based on the lidar observations and the backwards trajectory analysis results, AD events were divided into two types: ADN (aerosols were mainly mineral dust) and ADP (aerosols were mixtures of spherical particles). During ADs, the concentrations of the TSP and WSII increased, with the highest TSP concentration in ADN (38.6 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) and the highest WSII concentration in ADP (5.82 μg/m<sup>3</sup>). The increase in (cations)/(anions) during AD indicates that the input of AD aerosol buffered the aerosol acidity. Additionally, a significant increase in Cl depletion, along with ADN events, was found (Cl depletion = 73.8%). To comprehensively analyse the different types of ADs on WSIIs, we refer to the previous data from 2010 to 2015 at KUWAMS. As a result, the increased Cl depletion was caused by the heterogeneous reaction of HNO<sub>3</sub> with sea salt when the air mass passed over the Japanese Sea. Additionally, the chemical form of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> was highly dependent on the source and pathway, while SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> mainly came from natural soil dust in ADN and from anthropogenic emissions in ADP. The enhancement of secondary NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> was observed in AD via the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:01:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc1e4f21aa7d47319f67f1047534dbd3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:01:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc1e4f21aa7d47319f67f1047534dbd32023-12-01T23:23:33ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-08-01138121010.3390/atmos13081210Chemical Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Different Types of Asian Dust in Wajima, a Background Site in JapanPengchu Bai0Hao Zhang1Xuan Zhang2Yan Wang3Lulu Zhang4Seiya Nagao5Bin Chen6Ning Tang7Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanSchool of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaInstitute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaInstitute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanTwo Asian dust (AD) events were observed in March 2021 (AD1: 16 March 2021 00:00 UTC~17 March 2021 12:00 UTC and AD2: 28 March 2021 00:00 UTC~31 March 2021 12:00 UTC). To determine the chemical characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) in different types of Asian dust, the total suspended particulates (TSP) were collected at Kanazawa University Wajima Air Monitoring Station (KUWAMS), a background site in Japan from 27 February to 4 March, 2021. Based on the lidar observations and the backwards trajectory analysis results, AD events were divided into two types: ADN (aerosols were mainly mineral dust) and ADP (aerosols were mixtures of spherical particles). During ADs, the concentrations of the TSP and WSII increased, with the highest TSP concentration in ADN (38.6 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) and the highest WSII concentration in ADP (5.82 μg/m<sup>3</sup>). The increase in (cations)/(anions) during AD indicates that the input of AD aerosol buffered the aerosol acidity. Additionally, a significant increase in Cl depletion, along with ADN events, was found (Cl depletion = 73.8%). To comprehensively analyse the different types of ADs on WSIIs, we refer to the previous data from 2010 to 2015 at KUWAMS. As a result, the increased Cl depletion was caused by the heterogeneous reaction of HNO<sub>3</sub> with sea salt when the air mass passed over the Japanese Sea. Additionally, the chemical form of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> was highly dependent on the source and pathway, while SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> mainly came from natural soil dust in ADN and from anthropogenic emissions in ADP. The enhancement of secondary NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> was observed in AD via the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1210Asian dustwater-soluble inorganic ionslong-range transportation |
| spellingShingle | Pengchu Bai Hao Zhang Xuan Zhang Yan Wang Lulu Zhang Seiya Nagao Bin Chen Ning Tang Chemical Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Different Types of Asian Dust in Wajima, a Background Site in Japan Atmosphere Asian dust water-soluble inorganic ions long-range transportation |
| title | Chemical Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Different Types of Asian Dust in Wajima, a Background Site in Japan |
| title_full | Chemical Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Different Types of Asian Dust in Wajima, a Background Site in Japan |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Different Types of Asian Dust in Wajima, a Background Site in Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Different Types of Asian Dust in Wajima, a Background Site in Japan |
| title_short | Chemical Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Different Types of Asian Dust in Wajima, a Background Site in Japan |
| title_sort | chemical characteristics of water soluble inorganic ions in different types of asian dust in wajima a background site in japan |
| topic | Asian dust water-soluble inorganic ions long-range transportation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1210 |
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